Midterm 1, Definitions

5 Written Questions

1. Installed by Sukarno; gave his government the power to decide what citizens should know/think; complete control over the armed forces; used government as a means to combine different groups into one government; characterized by authoritarian corporatism, a strong presidency, and an emasculated parliament; provided for the elimination of political Islam; concentrated power in the center; essentially martial law
2. Won the 2009 election against Sukarno's daughter
3. Periods in society where there was domination of press content, freedom of association was restricted, and students were not allowed to engage in political activities (increased restrictions by the government to keep Malays happy)
4. Passed in 1934, creates the Commonwealth of the Philippines; the U.S. has control over tariffs and foreign relations, but the Philippine people are in full control of domestic affairs
5. Parliamentary seats dominated by three parties: UMNO, MCP, and MIC

5 Matching Questions

1. PAS
2. GOLKAR
3. Khmer Issarak
4. Viet Minh
5. Lao Issarak

1. a A non-communist, insurrection party in Laos; crushed by the French; made way for the emergence of the communist party in Laos; a short-lived movement; stands for "Free Laos"
2. b Party Islam; puts Malays first and then Islam; developed due to free political party framework
3. c A Cambodian, Anti-French nationalist movement that sought to make Cambodia a free state; led by Norodom Sihanouk
4. d An army sponsored federation of anti-communist organizations; integrated into the state; controlled by senior army officers until the 1990s, and was allowed to open branches in towns/villages (considered an operating system as opposed to a party); village heads were required to support GOLKAR
5. e The Vietnam Independence Solidarity League; founded in May 1941 by the Indochina Communist Party (ICP) at the behest of Ho Chi Minh; originally acted as a front organization, attracting foreign assistance (i.e. The U.S., Great Britain) to fight against the Japanese

5 Multiple Choice Questions

1. Mongkut's son; King of Thailand; western educated and visited other European colonies; abolishes slavery, creates a standing army; promotes administrative reform - solidified control of Thailand, extends authority into provinces, centralizes government, creates an impartial judicial system and a modern cabinet of advisors
   1. King Chulalongkorn
   2. Phibun Songkhram
   3. King Mongkut
   4. Aung San
2. State-owned enterprise; failed because of a lack of production capabilities; reduction in spending on SOE during Suharto's reign because of their economic weakness
   1. SOE
   2. MIC
   3. MCP
   4. DAP
3. An effort to encourage Chinese firms to hire Malays; creates a licensing system that required firms to set aside jobs and salaries for Malays; increased resentment of the Malayan government -> Chinese investment declines
   1. First Indochina War
   2. Industrial Coordination Act
   3. Abdullah Badawi
   4. Battle of Dien Bien Phu
4. Based in Burma; Anti-Facist Peoples Freedom League; Strong anti-Japanese bias; eventually becomes a vehicle for independence from the British
   1. DAP
   2. AFPFL
   3. MCP
   4. PPP
5. founded in 1911, took Malay (rather than Javanese or Dutch) to form its name; a political party based in Indonesia; worked to bring all Muslims together under a reformed, Islamic political party; immediate goals were economic and social - promised stone houses, opposed taxes, and organized boycotts of Chinese businesses
   1. Sarekat Islam (the Islamic Union)
   2. Parti Keadilan Rakyat (PKR)
   3. Creeping Authoritarianism
   4. Strait Settlements

5 True/False Questions

1. Norodom Sihanouk → Resistance leader during WWII, part of Seri Thai; built up anti-Japanese sentiment amongst the Thai people, and coordinated with other resistance movements

   True        False

2. Import Substituting Industrialization (ISI) → The idea that whatever goods a country imports should eventually be produced at the same quality and production rate domestically; based on Latin America economies; eventual failure

   True        False

3. Manuel Quezon → A parliamentary organization in the Philippines, c. 1900-1920; split into factions between Andres Bonifacio and Emilio Aguinaldo; lead the resistance against first the Spanish and then the American occupation

   True        False

4. Treaty of London (1824) → Agreement between the Dutch and the British; codified their respective zones of influence (the Dutch East Indies and Malaya, respectively)

   True        False

5. GCBA → based on the YMCA, created by Burmese Buddhists; brought together a number of pre-existing groups, initially sought to modernize Buddhist beliefs and practices while bridging the gap between its urban-educated members and the peasant majority; many members eventually created new parties in the 1920s

   True        False