| Term | Definition |
|---|
| acute angle | An angle measuing more than 0 degrees and less than 90 degrees |
| congruent | Having the same size and shape |
| factor | Any number multiplied to form a product. A product can be divided by one factor to find the other factor. |
| equivalent | Having the same value |
| inverse | Reversed position or direction |
| vertex (vertices - plural) | The point of intersection for two sides of a plane figure, three sides of a solid figure, or the endpoints of two rays that form an angle. |
| common denominator | A number that is a multiple of all denominators in a problem. |
| polygon | Three or more line segments in a plane that forms a closed figure. The line segments never cross but meet at their endpoints. |
| product | The result of multiplying two or more numbers. |
| prime number | A number with only two factors: the number itself and one. |
| range | The difference between the least and greatest values in a set of numbers. |
| scalene triangle | A triangle with sides of different lengths and no two angles are the same. |
| area | Surface space that is measured in square units. |
| perimeter | The distance around a figure. |
| circumference | The distance around a circle (the perimeter of a circle). |
| angle | The figure formed when two rays meet at a common endpoint called a vertex. |
| common factor | A number that is a factor of two or more numbers. |
| complementary angles | Two angles whose sum equals 90 degrees. |
| diameter | A line segment that passes through the center of a circle and has its endpoints on the circle. It describes how wide the circle is. |
| greatest common factor (GCF) | The largest single factor for two or more numbers. |
| hexagon | A polygon with six sides. |
| integers | All whole numbers (both positive and negative) and zero. |
| mean | The sum of a group of numbers divided by the number of numbers. Also known as the average. |
| median | A value found by ordering a group of data from least to greatest and choosing the middle value of the group. |
| mode | In a group of values, the value that occurs most often. |
| numerator | The part of a fraction that stands for how many parts of a whole or group are included in the fraction. |
| quadrilateral | A polygon that has four sides. |
| parallelogram | A quadrilateral with two pairs of congruent, parallel sides. |
| rectangle | A parallelogram with four right angles |
| sample | Part of the population that is studied to find the characteristics of the whole population. |
| composite number | A positive whole number with more than two factors. In other words, a number that is not prime. Zero and one are neither composite nor prime. |
| denominator | The part of a fraction that stands for the number of equal parts a whole or group is divided into. |
| cross product | In an equation made up of two fractions, the numerator of one fraction times the denominator of the other fraction. |
| improper fraction | A fraction with a numerator that is larger than or equal to its denominator. |
| like fractions | Two or more fractions that have the same denominator |
| least common multiple (LCM) | The smallest multiple that two or more numbers have in common |
| mixed number | A value that combines a whole number and a fractional amount |
| octagon | An eight-sided polygon |
| parallel lines | Lines in the same plane that do not intersect. The symbol // |
| percent | The ratio of a number to 100 (per one hundred). The symbol % |
| prime factorization | Breaking down a composite number until all of the factors are prime |
| probability | The likelihood that an event will occur. The probability that an event will occur is 0, 1, or somewhere between 0 and 1. |
| radius | A length that is half the diameter of a circle; the distance from the center of the circle to the circle itself. |
| right angle | An angle that measures 90 degrees |
| right triangle | A triangle with one right angle |
| supplementary angles | Two angles whose sum is 180 degrees |
| order of operations | Rules that tell which steps to follow when solving an expression. |
| inverse operations | Operations that do the exact opposite of each other; they undo each other (addition and subtraction, for example) |
| lowest terms | A fraction with all common factors (other than 1) factored out of the numerator and denominator |
| pi | The value that shows the relationship of a circle's circumference to its diameter; it has an approximate value of 3.14 |
| prism | A solid figure that has two congruent, parallel polygons as its bases. Its sides are parallelograms |
| ratio | A comparison of the two values of two numbers |
| proportion | An equation stating that two ratios are equal |
| simplify | To make a fraction easier to work with by taking out common factors. In an expression, combining variables that have like unknowns. |
| square unit | A unit for measuring area |
| unit ratio | A ratio that shows the cost per unit of measure |
| x-axis | The horizontal number line of a coordinate graph |
| y-axis | The vertical number line of a coordinate graph |
| x-coordinate | The value on the x-axis used to locate a point on the coordinate graph. It is the first value in an ordered pair. |
| y-coordinate | The value on the y-axis used to locate a point on the coordinate graph. It is the second value in an ordered pair. |
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