5 Written Questions

1. make up EPPS and correspond to the release of just one or two vesicle. Small, happen spontaneously, and cannot trigger an AP.
2. a V-SNARE protein that binds to the synaptic vesicle before exocytosis
3. partially blocks post synaptic ACh receptors when placed in the extracellular medium. Used to study EPPs and MEPPs.
4. a very important protein involved in endocyctotic budding of vesicles from the plasma membrane. Assemble together (by polymerization) to form membrane coats during the budding of the phase synaptic vesicle cycle.
5. reversibly binds to synaptic vesicles and may cross link vesicle to actin filaments in the cytoskeleton to keep the vesicles tethered within the reserve pool.

5 Matching Questions

1. Neurotransmitters
2. Gap Junctions
3. synaptotagmin
4. hsc-70
5. syntaxin and SNAP-25

1. a with the aid of auxilin, this removes the clathrin coating so that the vesicle can move onto other phases of recycling
2. b T-SNARE proteins embedded to the pre-synapatic membrane; attach to synaptic vesicles for vesicle fusion
3. c a SNARE protein on the surface of the synaptic vesicle. Binds Ca++ at concentrations similar to those required to trigger vesicle fusion, basically allowing it to act as a Ca++ sensor and triggering fusion.
4. d chemical agents acting as messengers between the communicating neurons. Released from vesicle when the is a large Ca++ influx into the cell. How many are released depends on how much Ca++ enters the terminal.
5. e Make electrical synapses possible. Consists of hexameric subunits made up of subunits called connexons.

5 Multiple Choice Questions

1. How neurotransmitters are referred to when two or more of them are present in the same nerve terminal.
   1. synapsin
   2. curare
   3. Neurotransmitters
   4. co-transmitters
2. a protein that causes the final pinching-off of the membrane that completes the production of coated vesicles in the synaptic vesicle cycle.
   1. CamKII
   2. dynamin
   3. synapsin
   4. clathrin
3. recycling process for synaptic vesicle. Process takes about 1 minute.
   1. synaptic vesicle cycle
   2. synaptotagmin
   3. synapsin
   4. synaptobrevin
4. Vesicles that contain small molecule neurotransmitters. These vesicles appear clear in electron micrographs. Made in the axon terminal by enzymes shipped down by slow axonal transport from the soma.
   1. synaptic vesicle cycle
   2. small clear-core vesicle
   3. large dense-core vesicles
   4. synaptobrevin
5. an ATPase involved in priming synaptic vesicle for fusion
   1. large dense-core vesicles
   2. end plate potential (EPP)
   3. NSF (NEM-sensitive fusion protein)
   4. SNAPs (soluble NSF-attachments proteins)

5 True/False Questions

1. large dense-core vesicles → Package neuropeptides. These vesicles are much larger in size than small clear-core vesicles. Made in the soma and shipped down to the terminal via fast axonal transport.

   True        False

2. acetylcholine (ACh) → A neurotransmitter found primarily at neuromuscular junctions of the striated muscles and in the visceral motor system. Involved in muscle contraction and heart rate increases.

   True        False

3. Electrical synapses → reversibly binds to synaptic vesicles and may cross link vesicle to actin filaments in the cytoskeleton to keep the vesicles tethered within the reserve pool.

   True        False

4. end plates → neuromuscular junctions when synapses from the pre-synaptic axon elaborate and appear in a saucer-like shape on the muscle fiber

   True        False

5. end plate potential (EPP) → make up EPPS and correspond to the release of just one or two vesicle. Small, happen spontaneously, and cannot trigger an AP.

   True        False