| Term | Definition |
|---|
| WHAT MAKES A NATION? | people, established boundaries, sovereignty, government |
| WHY HAVE A GOVERNMENT? | enables us to maintain social order, provide public service and national security, and make economic decisions |
| AUTOCRACY | rule by one person such as in a dictatorship or monarchy |
| OLIGARCHY | rule by a group of people such as nobles or the Communist party in Communist countries |
| DEMOCRACY TYPES | Direct democracy where everyone votes themselves, and representative democracy where you elect people to vote for you (such as our U.S. representatives and senators) |
| MAGNA CARTA | The "Great Charter," in which the king's power over his nobles was limited, agreed to by King John of England in 1215. |
| ENGLISH BILL OF RIGHTS | 1688; said that monarchs rule through consent of people;Parliament controls taxes, army, laws; people can petition gov't; rights to fair and speedy trials using a jury of peers; no cruel or unusual punishment |
| ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION | This document, the nation's first constitution, was adopted by the Second Continental Congress. Each state had 1 vote; no executive or judicial branch; federal gov't was unicameral |
| BI-CAMERAL | legislature with two houses (such as the NH Legislature and Congress) |
| UNI-AMERAL | legislature with one house (such as that set up by the Articles of Confederation) |
| WEAKNESSES OF ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION | States had most of the power, and Congress lacked the power to tax, regulate trade, or control coinage. |
| DELEGATED POWERS | (also called enumerated) powers specifically given to the federal government by the US Constitution, for example, the authority to print money, declare war, run a post office, sign treaties, regulate interstate commerce |
| RESERVED POWERS | power that the constitiution does NOT give to the national government, that are kept by the state; such as establish schools, regulate INTRASTATE commerce, and make state laws such as drinking age |
| CONCURRENT POWERS | power to tax, create courts, borrow money |
| IMPLIED POWERS | NOT specifically delegated in the Constitution but are seen as necessary (elastic clause or necessary and proper clause); for example, to build forts, sell stamps, regulate banks |
| DENIED POWERS | powers which the Constitution does not give to the federal gov't. - It can't do the following: suspend Habeas corpus, have ex post facto laws, have titles for nobility, play favorites with the states |
| CONGRESS (LEGISLATURE) CAN | pass laws, declare war, regulate trade, impeach federal officials, regular money, override (2/3 vote in each house) a president's veto |
| HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES | originates all spending bills, serves as prosecution in impeachment trial, selects a president if electoral college fails to |
| SENATE | approves presidential nominations to the federal courts, approves presidential appointees to federal positions, approves treaties, serves as jury in impeachment tirals |
| EXECUTIVE BRANCH | enforces the laws passed by Congress, issues executive orders, acts as head of the federal bureaucracy, nominates judges (including to the Supreme Court), appoints some government officials |
| JUDICIAL BRANCH | interprets the law, Chief Justice presides over trials of presidential impeachment. Supreme Court hears cases of appeal from lower federal and state courts |
| EXECUTIVE CHECK ON LEGISLATURE | veto laws, submits federal budget, appoints federal officials |
| EXECUTIVE CHECK ON JUDICIAL | nominates judges, has power of pardon, grants amnesty |
| LEGISLATIVE CHECK ON EXECUTIVE | overturns veto, rejects treaties, rejects nominations to federal appointments, can impeach president |
| LEGISLATIVE CHECK ON JUDICIAL | create lower courts, rejects nominees to courts, amends Constitution, impeaches judges |
| JUDICIAL CHECKS ON EXECUTIVE | declare Presidential actions unconsitutional, declare treaties unconstitutional |
| JUDICIAL CHECK ON LEGISLATURE | can declare laws unconstitutional |
| NH's BEGINNINGS | settled first in 1623 in Newcastle by John Mason |
| PORTSMOUTH, NH | founded in 1629, and became a major shipbuilding center |
| NH TOWNS WITH ENGLISH NAMES | Portsmouth, Dover, Exeter, Manchester, Londonderry |
| INDIAN NAMES IN NH | Merrimack,Winnipesaukee, Pemigewasset |
| CONCORD, NH | became the capitol in 1808 |
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