| Term | Definition |
|---|
| autotroph | organisms such as plants, which make their own food |
| heterotroph | organisms such as animals, that cannot use the sun's energy directly; obtain energy from the foods they consume |
| adenosine triphosphate (ATP) | one of the principal chemical compounds that cells use to store and release energy |
| photosynthesis | plant use the energy of sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide into high-energy carbohydrates-sugars and starches-and oxygen, a waste product |
| pigment | light-absorbing molecule plants gather |
| chlorophyll | the plant's principal pigment |
| thylakoid | saclike photosynthetic membranes in chloroplasts |
| photosystem | clusters where proteins in the thylakoid membrane organize chlorophyll and other pigments |
| stroma | the region outside the thylakoid membranes |
| NADP+ | carrier molecule that accepts and holds 2 high-energy electrons along with a hydrogen ion |
| light-dependent reactions | reactions that require light |
| ATP synthase | protein in cell membrane that spans the membrane and allow H+ ions to pass through it |
| Calvin cycle | when plants use the energy that ATP and NADPH contain to build high-energy compounds that can be stored for a long time |
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