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Mycenae most prominent Greek city; had excellent trade until stopped by marauders; ruled by monarch Hellas Greek name for Greece Troy rich city of obscure ethnic origin in Asia Minor near Dardanelles; attacked according to Homer ostracism where the whole people could vote once a year to expel any man whom they considered potentially dangerous Ionia part of Greece rebelling from Persian rule Marathon a plain in SE Greece, in Attica: the Athenians defeated the Persians here 490 b.c. polis independent city-state acropolis "high city"; section of a polis reserved for temples and other official buildings agora large open space of a polis that served as a main public square and civic center; was used as public market and court of law but still considered holy tyrant autocrat who ruled without strict legal foundation Sparta most influential of all Dorian states; conquered Messenia and made them slaves (helots); had public assembly; formed Peloponnesian League (alliance); lived in Laconia Attica a region in SE Greece, surrounding Athens: under Athenian rule in ancient times Draco Athenian statesman who codified law on homicide Solon poet and statesman who in an economic crisis canceled all agricultural debts and forbade further borrowing against the body; decreed only product of soil that could be exported was olive oil; changed weights to bring Athens into wider trade; divided citizens into four classes and let the highest two hold office Psistratus popular Athenian military leader who seized power; tyrant; redistributed land; built public works Dorian Greeks Greeks ending the Myacean Age through invasion; settled in the Peloponnese Mount Olympus a mountain in NE Greece, on the boundary between Thessaly and Macedonia; mythical abode of the greater Grecian gods Darius king of Persia who expanded his empire throughout Asia Minor; lost in attempting to conquer Greece Hesiod first major post-Homeric poet; wrote the almanac Works and Days Xerxes Darius's son who swore to avenge the loss at Athens and was only defeated there again Thermopylae location of first defeat of Greeks in the Invasion of 480 Peloponnesian War long war that sealed the doom of the Greek city-states; Spartans frightened by rise of Athenian power and declared preventative war; first ten years called the Archidamian War (a king of Sparta); next "Suspicious Truce" where neutral Melos was forced into Athenian empire and Syracuse was attacked as requested by Segesta; Athens later surrendered from lack of grain archons administrators who managed the city of Athens; were chosen by lot