| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Francais I | He was the king of France and part of the Valois dynasty that had disputes with Charles V (Habsburg Dynasty) over land. Eventually, the Valois-Habsburg Wars broke out. |
| Clement VII | He was the pope that joined the French side in the Valois-Habsburg Wars. Charles V responded by the sacking of Rome in 1527. |
| Suleiman the Magnificent | He was the leader of the Ottoman Turks who killed King Louis of Hungary, Charles's brother in-law, in the Battle of Mohacs in 1526. They took control of Hungary, Austria, and Vienna until 1529. |
| Scmalkaldic League | A defensive alliance formed in 1531 by Lutheran princes and imperial cities to protect againist the threat of Charles V and the Catholic church. |
| Muhlberg | A major battle in the Schmalkaldic Wars where Charles's imperial army of German, Dutch, Spanish, and Italian troops defeated the Lutherans and almost doomed the Protestant cause. |
| Henry II | The new king of France that allied with the German princes to revive the war in 1552. This time they forced Charles to negotiate a truce. |
| Peace of Augsburg | It was turning point to the historic reformation and it ended the German religious warfare in 1555. It declared that Lutheranism was a legal, permanent religion along with Catholicism. It also stated that German princes could determine the religion over his subjects. |
| Gustavus Vasa | He led the Swedish barons to overthrow Christian II out of leadership of the Scandnavian kingdoms. He later became king of independant Sweden and established the Lutheran Reformation. The Swedish Lutheran National Church had been created. |
| Frederick I | He was the successor and uncle of Christian II. He encouraged Lutheran preachers to spread their evangelical doctrines and to introduce a Lutheran liturgy into the Danish church service. |
| Christian III | He was the successor of Frederick I. He was insturmental in spreading Lutheranism to Norway. A Lutheran state church was established with the king as authority of all religious affairs. |
| Zwingli | He began the Swiss Reformation and supported Lutheranism. However, he took the Last Supper figuratively which offended Luther. He was later killed in the Swiss Civil War in 1531. |
| Marburg Colloquy | This was made in 1529. It failed to form an agreement between the Zwingli and Luther movements. It basically shattered the Protestant movement. |
| Anabaptism | In this religion, they believed in adult baptism, chose their own ministers, and believed in complete separation of the church. It was a religious minority. These people later became mennonites and amish. |
| Munster | It was a city in northwestern Germany that was taken in control by the anabaptists in February 1534. It became "New Jerusalem". Later, Catholics and Protestants wiped out the Anabaptists from the city. |
| Henry VIII` | He was the king of England that was known as "the defender of the faith". He wanted to divorce his first wife, but the pope couldn't grant him the annulment. |
| Cardinal Worsley | He was the highest ranking church offical that failed to grant King Henry's divorce due to the sack of Rome. As a result, he was replaced by Thomas Crammer and Thomas Cromwell. |
| Act of Supremecy | It was passed by Parliment in 1534, and it made Henry VIII head of the Church of England (Angelican Church). England broke away from the pope. |
| Edward VI | He became the next king of England at the age of nine after Henry VIII died. Cranmer ruled his regency for him. |
| Forty-two Articles | During Edward VI's rule, Cranmer encouraged Parliment to pass this in 1533 to make England more Protestant. |
| Mary I | She took over the English throne in 1553. She made England more Catholic after burning more than 300 Protestants at the stake. This event gave her the name "Bloody ____". |
| John Calvin | He was a student at the University of Paris that was nearly killed for being Protestant, but he escaped. He made the religion ______ism which was Protestant. In this, the "elect" were chosen to go to heaven and the "reprobate" would go to hell. |
| The Institution of the Christian Religion | This book was written by John Calvin that made ______ism popular and powerful. It stated that the "elect" would be chosen and revealed through their righteousness. |
| Geneva | It was a Swiss city where a Calvinist ministry was established. Moral laws were created and made swearing illegal. John Knox called it "the most perfect school of Christ". |
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