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HYPHA A filament of fungal cells MYCELIUM The part of the fungus responsible for extracellular digestion and absorption of food EXTRACELLULAR DIGESTION Digestion that takes place outside of the cell RHIZOID HYPHA A hypha that is imbedded in the material on which the fungus grows AERIAL HYPHA A hypha that is NOT imbedded in the material on which the fungus grows SPOROPHORE Specialized aerial hypha that produces spores STOLON An aerial hypha that asexually reproduces to make more filaments. HAUSTORIUM A hypha of a parasitic fungus that enters host's cells, absorbing nutrition directly from the cytoplasm MEMBRANE A thin covering of tissue ZYGOSPORE A zygote surrounded by a hard, protective covering FERMENTATION An aerial breakdown of chemicals into alcohol, carbon dioxide, and lactic acid CHITIN A chemical that produces both toughness and flexibility Nonseptate Hyphae Hyphae which have no cell walls and the nuclei are spread throughout ZYGOTE The result of sexual reproduction when each parent contributes half of the DNA necessary for the offspring ANTIBIOTIC A chemical secreted by a living organism that kills or reduces the reproduction rate of other organisms Septate Hypha Hyphae which are composed of individual cells separated from one another by cell walls Deuteromycota Phylum which contains fungi with no known method of sexual reproduction Zygomycota Phylum in which organisms form sexual spores where hyphae fuse Ascomycota Phylum in which organisms form sexual spores in sacike asci Chytridiomycota Phylum in which organisms form spores with flagella Sporangiospore Sporophore which forms its spores within an enclosure Basidiomycota Phylum in which organisms form sexual spores on clublike basidia Conidiosphore Sporophore which forms its spores without an enclosure Fruiting Body Specialized structures which are formed during sexual reproduction Myxomycota Phylum which contains fungi that looks like protozoa for much of their lives Slime Molds Organisms which grow in moist habitats on the decaying remains of living creatures Gills Small plates, inside the cap, which are filled with basidia Button Stage When hyphae are formed in the membrane and quickly fill with water until they pop up Puffball Fungi Fungi which produces basidia inside a membrane and puffs its spores through a hole near the top Shelf Fungi Fungi generally found either on dead wood or on living trees Fairy rings A group of mushrooms growing in a circle Rusts Parasitic fungi which grow on living plants, reducing the plant's ability to grow and mature Wheat Rust Fungus with a complex life cycle requiring two hosts, a main host and an alternate host Aeciospores Spores which grow in tiny cups on the underside of barberry bush leaves Chytrids Single-celled fungi which inhabit muddy or aquatic areas Sac Fungi Fungi which forms its spores in membranes shaped like globes, flasks, or dishes Yeasts Single-celled members of the phylum Ascomycota Teliospore Spores which survive the winter and grow into basidia in the spring Budding Yeasts' form of asexual reproduction Imperfect Fungi Fungi whose mode of sexual reproduction is not yet found Plasmodium The mass of living matter which slime molds exist in during their feeding stage Immune The process of an organism producing offspring which are unaffected by an antibiotic Penicillin A blue mold which kills bacteria Lichen The production of a symbiosis relationship between a fungus and an alga Mycorrhiza The symbiotic relationship between plant roots and fungus Soredium A dustlike substance produced by most lichens containing spores of both alga and the fungus in a protective case