Human Geography Unit 3
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33 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Language | Webster's dictionary defines it as "A systematic means of communicating ideas or feelings by the use of articulate vocal sounds." |
| Dialect | A more regional / Cultural way of talking. |
| Language Family | A group of languages related through descendants from a previous ancestor |
| Language Subfamily | Close to a Language Family but more closely related. |
| Language Group | Subfamilies that were divided into groups which consist of sets of individual languages. |
| Isogloss | A line drawn on a map around the area in which a linguistic feature is to be found, such as a particular pronunciation of a given word. |
| Preliterate Society | Where few people developed and made a language but never wrote it down. |
| Standard Language | Quality of is a matter of cultural identity and national concern. |
| Indo-European languages | Is determined by genetic relationships |
| Language Convergence | Is a type of contact-induced change whereby languages with many bilingual speakers mutually borrow morphological and syntactic features, making their typology more similar. |
| Language Divergence | Linguistic speciation, or linguistic divergence. |
| Language Replacement | Language shift, sometimes referred to as language transfer or language replacement or assimilation, is the progressive process whereby a speech community of a language shifts to speaking another language. |
| Sound Shifts | Sound change includes any processes of language change that affect pronunciation (phonetic change) or sound system structures (phonological change) |
| Deep Reconstruction | Technique using the vocabulary of an extinct language to recreate the language that proceeded the extinct language. |
| Proto Indo European Nostratic | The unrecorded language from which all Indo-European languages are hypothesized to derive. |
| Amerind | any member of the peoples living in North or South America before the Europeans arrived. |
| Eskimo-Aleut | The family of languages comprising Inuit, Yupik, and Aleut. |
| Agriculture theory | An attempt to explain the pattern of agricultural land use in terms of accessibility , costs, distance, and prices. |
| Conquest theory | The conquest theory is the idea that the proto-indo-european language family was spread through the conquest of neighboring states, and as they were conquered they adopted the conquering state's language. |
| Toponym | A name derived from a place or region. |
| Official Language | An official language is a language that is given a special legal status in a particular country, state, or other jurisdiction. Typically a nation's official language will be the one used in that nation's courts, parliament and administration. |
| Monolingual States | Countries where only one language is spoken. |
| Multilingual States | Countries in which more than one language is spoken. |
| Lingual franca | A common language between two different language speakers. |
| Pidgin | An artificial language used for trade between speakers of different languages. |
| Creole | A person descended from French ancestors in southern United States (especially Louisiana). |
| Esperanto | An artificial language based as far as possible on words common to all the European languages. |
| Racism | The prejudice that members of one race are intrinsically superior to members of other races. |
| Ethnicity | Identity with a group of people that share distinct physical and mental traits as a product of common heredity and cultural traditions. |
| Plural society | A society in which different cultural groups keep their own identity, beliefs, and traditions. |
| Ethnic islands | Small, usually rural and ethnically homogeneous enclaves situated within a larger and more diverse cultural context. |
| Cultural linkage | A culturally shared trait that gives an ethnic or cultural group a strengthened sense of awareness and self-identity. |
| Cultural revival | The process of continuous reinvigoration of cultural traits and behavior in communities geographically separated from their original source area. |
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