ib bio 6.5 pp 28-36
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Created by:
quizqueen4 on October 18, 2011
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15 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Thermoregulation | Human core body temperature needs to remain at around 37 degrees Celcius. |
| Hypothermia | When the body's temperature drops too low for metabolic reactions to occur. Death below 32 degrees celcius. |
| Hyperthermia (heat stroke) | Occurs when the body's core temperature gets too high and the tissues are damaged. Above 40 degrees celcius is deadly. |
| Heat generated in the ___ and carried around the body through the _____. Heat is lost through the__. The greater the SA to Vol ratio,____. | liver;blood;skin; the faster the rate of heat loss. |
| Hypothalamuss | controls hot and cold reactions |
| Too Cold | Arterioles constrict (vasoconstriction); Sweat glands close; Hair stands up, traps layer of air; Muscle Spasms (Shivering); Blood warms; Thyroid hormones increase the body's metabolic rate; |
| Too Hot | Arterioles dilate (vasodilation); Sweat glands open; Hairs lie flat, no boundary layers; blood cools; breathing rate increases; |
| The hypothalamus and pituitary link the nervous and enocrine systems: | Cold temperature changes are detected by cells in the skin and relayed through the hypothalamus; HP relays signal to pituitary (releases TSH); TSH carried in the blood and acts on thyroid and releases the thyroid hormone;carried through the blood an acts on most cells;leads to increased heat production through metabolism |
| Blood Glucose | Maintained through the actions of the pancreas and liver |
| The control of blood glucose | Pancreatic cells monitor bg; Absorption of glucose from digestion in the intestine increases blood sugar/fasting reduces blood sugar; Glucoregulation is an example of negative feedback; Uses hormones, insulin, and glucagon. |
| If blood glucose is too high | Beta cells of pancreas produce insulin; insulin stimulates uptake of glucose cells (muscle);insulin stimulates liver/fat cells to store glucose as glycogen; leading to decrease in blood glucose. |
| If blood glucose is too low | Alpha cells of pancreas produce glucagon; glucagon stimulates liver to break glycogen into glucose; leads to increased blood sugar. |
| Diabetes | Reduced ability to control blood glucose through insulin |
| Type One Diabetes: Early Onset | Hereditary,weak relationship;Trigger needed (illness);Beta cells destroyed;insulin production stops |
| Type Two Diabetes:Adult Onset | Hereditary,strong relationship; Related to obesity and poor diet;Fewer insulin receptors in liver;less sensitivity to insulin,(insulin does not work as well) |
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