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marrow makes red blood cells ossification the change from cartilage to bone tendon connect muscle to bone dislocation joint moves out of it's normal position and stays out insertion point of muscle attachment, cause movement in bone simple fracture partially or completely broken bone that stays within the skin osteoporosis weak, brittle bones due to lack of calcium lactic acid a waste product of muscular activity, leads to soreness after activity isokinetic exercise against a fixed resistance stroke volume amount of blood pumped with each beat of the heart, amount increases with exercise frequency How often do I work out? 3-4 times per week epiphysis "growth plate" of the bone, area from which bone grows in length cartilage found on end of bones, thin pads, in ears and nose sprain stretching/tearing of a ligament seperation joint moves out of it's normal position and then back in muscle tone rigid condition of muscles even when not in use greenstick fracture some fibers broken but not entire bone, found most often in children flexor muscles that bend a joint hernia a weak spot in the abdominal muscles where the small intestine pushes through isometric no change in length of muscle aerobic exercise that requires extra oxygen to finish recovery rate how quickly back to resting rate intensity How hard do I work out? callus extra bone cells that form around the fracture site, makes bone stronger ligament connect bone to bone strain stretching/tearing of muscle or tendon bursa sac fluid filled sacs, acts as shock absorbers origin point of muscle attachment, causes no movement in the bone compound fracture completely broken bone that breaks through the skin's surface extensor muscles that straighten a joint isotonic exercise through a full range of motion anaerobic exercise that does not require extra oxygen to finish overload principle "Ya Gotta Push Ya Self", system must be overloaded in order to stimulate hormone release and muscle development duration How long do I work out? 20-30 minutes maximum heart rate (MHR) 220-your age=MHR target heart rate (THR) the rate you should work at, 70-80% of MHR=THR, 143-164 types of fractures greenstick, simple/closed, compound, stress red muscle fiber provides support and are used in endurance activities (slow twitch) white muscle fiber used in quick powerful movements (fast twitch) specifity of training Your practice needs to be specific to your activity. pooling collection of blood in lower extremities after exercise, "cool down" benefits of warm-up gets your muscles ready to do work, reduces soreness, less likely to hurt yourself benefits of exercise makes you healthier, heart is more efficient, lose weight functions of bones structure, protection, movement, makes blood, storehouse for minerals functions of muscles movement, posture, digestion, blood flow, protection, breathing, warmth components of fitness intensity, duration, frequency, fun, cost 3 minute step test our heart rate and how healthy we and our heart is cramp contraction of muscle orthopedist doctor who fixes skeletal system