| Term | Definition |
|---|
| seismology | the study of earthquakes |
| seismic waves | waves of energy that travel through the earth |
| seismograph | an instrument located at or near the surface of the Earth that records seismic waves |
| seismogram | a tracing of earthquake motion created by a siesmograph |
| seismic gap | an area along a fault where relatively few earthquakes have occured |
| shadow zone | an area on the Earth's surface where no direct seismic waves from a particular earthquake can be detected |
| s-waves | the second fastest type of siesmic wave; cannot travel through materials that are completely liquid; also known as shear waves and secondary waves |
| elastic rebound | the sudden return of elastically deformed rock to its undeformed shape |
| fault | a break in the Earth's crust along which blocks of the crust slide relative to one another; due to tectonic forces |
| p-waves | the fastest type of seismic wave; can travel through solids, liquids, and gases; also known as pressure waves and primary waves |
| deformation | the change in the shape of rock in response to stress |
| epicenter | the point on the Earth's surface |
| focus | the point inside the Earth where an earthquake begins |
| gap hypothesis | states that sections of active faults that have had relatively few earthquakes in the future |
| Moho | a place within the Earth where the speed of seismic waves increases sharply; marks the boundary between the Earth's crust and mantle |
| moderate and shallow | What are the characteristics of Transform boundaries? |
| strong and deep | What are the characteristics of Convergent boundaries? |
| weak and shallow | What are the characteristics of Divergent boundaries? |
| travel through solids, liguids, and gases - fastest- travels ahead of other waves | What are the characteristics of P- Waves? |
| 2nd fastest- arrive 2nd- travels through liquids | What are the characteristics of S- Waves? |
| move earth up and down- slowest- most destructive | What are the characteristics of Surface Waves? |
| When tectonic plates collide, earthquakes are formed | What causes Earthquakes? |
| They occur at the edges of tectonic plates | Where do earthquakes occur? |
| Seismologist use seismograms from three different cities. They then find out what time the earthquake struck that city and how far away the earthquake started. With that information they make circles on a chart and find the epicenter and start time. | How do seismologist find an earthquakes epicenter and start time? |
| The Richter scale is the scale that scientist use to "weigh" earthquakes. If an earthquake was a 3.0 than an earthquake that is a 4.0 is 31.7 times larger. | What is the Richter scale and how does each # on it rellate to the # above/blow it? |
| the moon's interior is a different material than its exterior- it's seismically active- there are "moonquakes"- the moon's earthquakes are longer than ours | What are soem discoveries scientist have made about the moon? |
| very windy planet- possibly siesmic activity | What are some discoveries scientist have found about Mars? |
| solar flames produce seismic waves- "sunquakes" are much stronger than earthquakes | What are some discoveries scientist have found about the Sun? |
| an earthquake hazard measures how prone an area is to experiencing earthquakes in the future.It is determind by past and present seismic activity. | What is an Earthquake hazard and how is an area's earthquake hazard determined? |
| Base Isolators- placed at the bottom of a building, act as shock absobers during an earthquake *****Mass Damper- placed in roof, computer in mass damper get sent signals that tell it to shift the mass damper to counteract the building's movement *****Flexible Pipes- they won't break during an earthquake so water lines and gas lines don't break | Name and describe 3 ways that buildings are reinforced against earthquakes. |
| strength and frequency relationship and the gap hypothesis | Name the two different ways seismologist perdict earthquakes. |
| The Gap Hypothesis says that if there is an area or "gap" that hasn't had any earthquakes or very few of them then it will probably get a big earthquake soon. | Describe the Gap Hypothesis. |
| The strength and frequency relationship says that there is an average amount of earthquakes with a certain magnatude that occur annually. For example 120 6.0 - 6.9 earthquakes occur annually. | Describe the Strength and Frequency relationship. |
Combine with other sets
!
ops
