AP Bio Sherrill - Chp 9 Cellular Respiration
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Created by:
jrsherri Plus on October 18, 2011
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21 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 fermentation |  process that makes a limited amount of ATP from glucose in the absence of oxygen, producing a characteristic end product, such as ethyl alcohol or lactic acid |
| cellular respiration |  process that makes ATP by breaking down food molecules in the presence of oxygen: made up of glycosis, the krebs cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation |
| redox reactions |  chemical reactions in which electrons are lost from one substance (oxidation) and added to another (reduction). |
| dehydrogenase |  enzyme used to remove electron from molecules(like glucose) and adds them to NAD+ |
| glycolysis |  the first step in cellular respiration, where chemical reactions in the cytoplasm breaks down glucose into 2 pyruvates in the absence of oxygen |
| citric acid cycle |  second step of cellular respiration when pyruvateis oxidized into carbon dioxide; occurs within the mitochondrion; energizes electron carriers (NADH and FADH) that pass the energized electrons on to the electron transport chain |
| electron transport chain |  part of the third step in cellular respiration; a series of carrier protein molecules, found in inner mitochondrial membrane, through which electrons pass in a redox reaction process that causes protons to build up on one side of the membrane |
| oxidative phosphorylation |  final (third) step in cellular respiration; made up of electron transport chain and chemiosmosis |
| NADH and FADH |  electron carriers that store energy that can later be used in the electron transport chain to make ATP |
| ATP Synthase |  The protein complex responsible for bringing in H+ ions (down the gradient) during chemiosmosis to phosphorylate ADP into ATP. |
| chemiosmosis | A process for synthesizing ATP using the energy of an electrochemical gradient and the ATP synthase enzyme |
| anaerobic | without oxygen |
| aerobic | with oxygen |
| Glycolysis(reactant) | Glucose |
| Glycolysis(products) | 2 pyruvates + 2 ATP |
| Citric Acid Cycle(reactants) | acetyl CoA(made by converting pyruvate) + oxaloacetate create citrate |
| Citric Acid Cycle (products) | FADH + NADH + 1 ATP + 2CO2 per cycle. oxaloacetate is also a product that can be recycled for the next turn |
| Electron Transport Chain(Start) | NADH + FADH pass electrons "down" chain to oxygen |
| Electron Transport Chain(Finish) | Passing of electrons creates a H+ electrochemical gradient across the mitochondrial memrane |
| Chemiosmosis (Start) | High concentration of H+ ions in intermembrane space |
| Chemiosmosis(Finish) | H+ ions passed through ATP Synthase to synthesize ATP from ADP |
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