Geography Chapter 5
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Jkidding123 on October 18, 2011
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population!!!
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47 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 demography | statistical study of humans populations focusing on patterns and trends |
| population density | average number of people living in an area (persons per square mile) |
| birthrate | number of births each year for every 1000 people living |
| high birthrate | when population needs to survive, increased agriculture (big families to run farms, etc.) |
| low birthrate | when modernization, urbanization and education increases women's status and birth control use. (more educated women don't just have to be "baby makers") |
| total fertility rate | #of kids/female (number of kids per female) |
| high death rate | when there is disease, poor medical conditions, bad sanitation, bad diet, and war |
| culture | what makes a group of people unique; traditions and shared beliefs/ways of life |
| low death rate | when there is improved sanitation and medicine which results in longer life expectancy and lower infant mortality |
| acculturation | when an individual or group adopts some of another culture's traits |
| assimilation | when immigrant groups adopts all of the features of a main culture |
| quaternary service industries | professionals, high paying and take a lot of work. the masterminds. knowledge sector EX. information and research, administration; superintendent of schools |
| death rate | total number of death each year for every 1000 people; recently death rate has gone down dramatically |
| migration | people moving from one place to another |
| immigrants | people who come or enter a new country |
| pull factors | things that bring people to a country |
| primary industries | use natural resources and are found near the source; dangerous, difficult, mostly low-paying jobs EX: harvesting, mining, etc. |
| why is there an increased population? | older people aren't dying and more children than ever before (that are growing up and having children etc.) like the population pyramid |
| push factors | things that push people away from a country |
| ethnic group | population that shares a common cultural background |
| nation | cultural unit, a group of people with a common ancestry and culture |
| region | area with shared common characteristics |
| innovation | to think of new ways to do things must be useful and valuable to last! |
| diffusion | spread of an innovation or other culture trait into another culture region |
| fundamentalism | response to cultural changes that threatens traditions and values |
| refugees | people who have been forced to leave and cannot return to their homes |
| tertiary service industries | wages vary, provide services |
| market-oriented economy | private individuals and busnesses firms make most of the decisions |
| gross national product | the value of goods and services produced by a country in a year, both inside and outside the country |
| per capita | divided by the number of people in that country |
| gross domestic product | the value of goods and service produced within a country |
| which industrial stage is the USA in now? | post-industrial (we have already had our industrial revolution.) |
| secondary industries | transform raw goods (from primary industries) into finished products useful to customers. EX. bakeries, carpenters |
| what does a rapidly growing population mean? | it is a developing country. because women still have no other job besides mother, they are having more babies. also, people would be farming, which means they need big families. |
| how have people gotten most of their food throughout history? | hunter-gathering |
| how did the first gov.s form? | after hunter-gatherers settled permanently in some place, they learned to grow their own food instead of gathering it. This gave them more free time, so they developed skills like pottery, woodworking, and other ones. They needed some way to divide all of their food, so people were found to do that. Then, those same people started making important decisions about the way the society would run. They became the leaders. With all this new free time, religion and science was also developed. |
| subsistence farming | enough for your own family; maybe sell it at a local market |
| commercial farming | growing mass crops specifically for sale on large farms. use advanced technology like powerful machinery and good fertilizers specifically made for mass production. sold at supermarkets etc. |
| urbanization | growth in proportion of people living in towns and cities` |
| cultural hearths | beginning of societies; fist settlements |
| five characteristics of cultural hearths | 1.Temperate Climate (suitable, not too hot or cold) 2. Coastal Areas (fish) 3. Flat Areas (farming) 4. Fresh Water (like rivers or mountains because of runoff streams) 5. Fertile Soil (farming) |
| geographer's definition of nation | ethnic group |
| geographer's definition of state | country |
| nationalism | pride in one's nation (ethnic group) DANGEROUS/BAD |
| totalitarianism | total control; rights of state are more important than the rights of an individual |
| democratic | people participate and have a voice in the gov. |
| united nations | solve world problems; world peace, wars, etc. |
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