MA: Ch. 47- Collecting, processing, & testing urine specimens
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Created by:
sarachristine619 on October 18, 2011
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22 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Nephrons | The functional units of the kidney |
| Types of urine specimens | Random, first morning, clean-catch midstream, timed, and 24-hour. |
| Random urine specimen | The most common type of sample, it is a single urine specimen taken at any time of day. |
| First morning urine specimen | Collected after a night's sleep, contains greater concentrations of substances. |
| Clean catch midstream urine specimen | May be collected and submitted for culturing to identify the number and types of pathogens present. |
| Timed urine specimen | Measures a patient's urinary output or to analyze substances. |
| 24-hour urine specimen | Is used to complete a quantitative and qualitative analysis of one or more substances, such as sodium, chloride, and calcium. |
| Catheterization | The procedure during which the catheter is inserted. |
| Urinary catheter | A sterile plastic tube inserted to provide urinary drainage. |
| Indwelling urethral (Foley) catheter | Designed to stay in place within the bladder. |
| Nocturia | Excessive nighttime urination |
| Urinalysis | The evaluation of urine by various types of testing methods to obtain information about body health and disease. |
| Urine color | Normal urine ranges from pale yellow to dark amber. Depends on food or fluid intake, meds, and waste products. |
| Turbidity | Urine is typically clear, although cloudy urine does not always indicate an abnormal condition. |
| Urine volume | Normal adult urine volume is 600 to 1800 ml per 24 hours ( average of 1250 ml). |
| Oliguria | Insufficient production ( or volume) of urine, occurs in such conditions as dehydration, decreased fluid intake, shock, and renal disease. |
| Odor | Bacteria in the specimen decompose the urea which causes an odor similar to ammonia. |
| Urine specific gravity | Is a measure of the concentration or amount of substances dissolved in urine. |
| Urinary pH | A measure of the degree of acidity or alkalinity of the urine. Normal pH ranges from 5.0 to 8.0, the average urine pH is 6.0 which is slightly acidic. |
| Hematuria | The presence of blood in urine. |
| Bilirubin and Urobilinogen | When hemoglobin breaks down, it converts into conjugated bilirubin in the liver and then to urobilinogen in the intestines. |
| Bilirubinuria | Presence of the bile pigment bilirubin in the urine, first signs of liver disease or conditions that involve the liver. |
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