Bio I Spahn-Cell Parts and Functions
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Created by:
nancers2247 on October 18, 2011
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22 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 nucleus | controls cellular processes and contains nearly all the cell's DNA |
| nucleolus | located inside the nucleus, it is where the assembly of ribosomes begins |
| ribosome | the site where translation occurs and proteins are assembled |
| cytosol | the liquid part of the cell (excludes organelles) |
| cytoplasm | the portion of the cell outside the nucleus (includes the organelles) |
| endoplasmic reticulum (ER) | a maze of cell membrane inside of the cell; the site for protein and lipid synthesis; provides a pathway through the cell; divides the cell into different areas for different activities |
| rough ER | the portion of the ER involved in the synthesis of proteins; has ribosomes on its surface |
| smooth ER | has collections of enzymes that perform specialized tasks, including the synthesis of membrane lipids; has no ribosomes on its surface |
| Golgi body (apparatus) | a big membrane that wraps itself around proteins and other materials from the ER and packages them for storage in the cell or exportation outside the cell |
| lysosome | a 'puddle' of enzymes surrounded by a membrane that attacks cellular invaders; digests and breaks down lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins into small molecules; and removes 'junk' that may accumulate and clutter up the cell (the garbageman of the cell) |
| vacuole | stores materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates |
| mitochondria | converts the chemical energy stored in food into ATP, which is the only form recognized by the cell (the powerhouse of the cell) |
| plastid | holds pigments involved in photosynthesis |
| chloroplast | a type of plastid that captures the energy from sunlight and converts it into chemical energy in the process of photosynthesis; contains chlorophyll |
| microfilament | rope-like structure that produces a tough, flexible framework that supports the cell; helps cells move; moves things inside the cell; part of the cytoskeleton |
| microtubule | hollow, tube structure that maintains cell shape and acts like a shortcut through the cell for chemicals, particles, and compounds; part of the cytoskeleton |
| centrioles | a very specific microtubule that helps to organize cell division |
| cilia | many short, hair-like microtubules that enable cells to swim rapidly through liquids |
| flagella | one or two long, hair-like extensions of the cell made of microtubules that act like propellors for the cell (helps cell move) |
| cell membrane | regulates what enters and leaves the cell and provides protection and support |
| cell wall | provides support, protection, and shape for the cell; only plant and fungi cells have this |
| nuclear membrane | regulates what goes in and out of the nucleus through the holes in it and separates the nucleus from the rest of the cell |
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