| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Transformation | process in which on strain of bacteria is changed by a gene or genes from another strain of bacteria |
| Bacteriophage | virus that infects bacteria |
| Nucleotide | monomer of nucleic acids mad eup of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base |
| Base pairing | principle that bonds in DNA can form only between adenine and thymine and between cytosine and guanine |
| Chromatin | granular material within the nucleus: consists of DNA tightly coiled around proteins |
| Histone | globular protein molecule around which DNA is tightly coiled in chromatin |
| Replication | copying process by which a cell duplicates its DNA |
| DNA polymerase | enzyme that "proofreads" new DNA strands helping to ensure that each molecule is a perfect copy of the original DNA |
| Messenger RNA | RNA molecule that carries the copies of instructions for the assembly of amino acids into proteins from DNA to the rest of the cell |
| Ribosomal RNA | type of RNA that makes up the major part of ribosomes |
| Transfer RNA | type of RNA molecule that transfers amino acids to ribosomes during protein synthesis |
| Trancription | process in which part of the nucleotide sequence of DNA is copied into a complementary sequence in RNA |
| RNA polymerase | enzyme similar to DNA polymerase that binds to DNA and separates the DNA strandsduring transcription |
| Promoter | region of DNA that indicates to an enzyme where to bind to make RNA |
| Intron | intervening sequence of DNA; does not code for a protein |
| Exon | expressed sequence for DNA; code for a protein |
| Codon | three-nucleotide sequence on messenger RNA that codes for a single amino acid |
| Translation | decoding of a mRNA message into a polypeptide chain |
| Anticodon | group of three bases on a tRNA molecule that are complementaryto an mRNA codon |
| Operon | group of genes operating together |
| Operator | region of chromosome in an operon to which the repressor binds when the operon is "turned off" |
| Hox gene | series of genes that controls the organs and tissue develop in various parts of an embryo |
Combine with other sets
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