Factors that change #2
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81 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 how do hormones effect behavior? | changes how animal respond to stimulus |
| What are the two ways that hormones change behavior | priming effects and organizing effects |
| courtship and mating in ringdoves | as day length increases it stimulates the hypothalamus which increases its production of GnRH. |
| production of GnRH | stimulates propitiatory to realease FSH |
| release of FSH | increases testes size |
| increasing testes size | increases production of testosterone; male is ready to mate so it courts (response threshold changes) |
| sight of the courting male ringdove | increases FSH and LH production in female |
| increased levels of FSH and LH | follicle formation in ovaries |
| follicle formation in ovaries | increased estrogen |
| after one to two days of nest building | male helps her and her levels of LH increase causes her to lay her eggs |
| after nest building and increased levels of LH | levels of progesterone increase which promote incubation |
| incubation increases levels of | prolactin which stimulate crop milk |
| nest building in the male increases level of | progesterone which decreases courtship and mating |
| progesterone is | antagonist to testosterone |
| what are priming effects | change stimulus response relationships and they prepare the body to respond to stimuli |
| is the division of labor in bees rigid? | no |
| what runs pattern of gene expression in honey bees? | JH |
| describe the jh titer in honey bees | jh concentration increases as it goes from young to middle and then remains constant from foraging to the rest of their life |
| jh titer: if they increase concentration of JH | early foragers |
| jh titer: if they decreased concentration of JH | over aged nurse |
| when younger bees are in contact with older bees | slows the rate of jh increase (normal development) |
| how do bees stay in contact | trophallaxis deliver ethyl oleate (pheromone) |
| where does the pheromone ethyl oleate in bees produced from | crop of older bees |
| ethyl oleate | slows down the rate of jh increase |
| mounting | male typical sexual behavior |
| lordosis | female typical sexual behavior |
| what is the default position in a vertebrate brain | female |
| what causes male behavior to trigger regardless of chromosomal sex? | presence of testosterone or a lot of estrogen in neonatal period |
| what binds with estrogen in the blood stream of mammalian neonates? | alphafetoprotein |
| do all animals make testosterone and estrogen | yes |
| if all of the estrogen in binds with alphafetoprotein than | animal is female |
| if there is a lot of testosterone it enters the cell and | becomes estradiol and binds with receptors inside the cells forming gene regulatory protein which then enters the nucleus and binds with DNA-MALE |
| is play hardwired? | yes |
| play | behavior that borrows pieces from other functionally different behavior patterns and uses them in new sequences. |
| borrowed sequences of behavior are preformed | in complete sequences and in an exaggerated manner |
| is there a separate motivational center for play | yes |
| play is doing what adults do | in a different context |
| play is mostly in | social animals |
| all behavior has both | innate and learned components |
| what type of behavior is least influenced by learning? | restricted learning programs |
| what is another word for restricted learning program? | instinct |
| examples of restricted learning progams | spider building web, bird building nest, squirrel eating nut, hunting |
| restricted learning program is a situation | where animals have a strong tendency to behave a certain way but they have to learn to perfect |
| another name for semi restricted learning programs | imprinting |
| semi restricted learning occurs | early but expressed later |
| imprinting is "2" | occurs early and is irreversible |
| what is the most common type of learning | semi restricted (imprinting) |
| song learning in birds is a form of | semi restricted learning program (imprinting) |
| repertioirs | variance in song |
| visual representation of song | sonogram |
| classical experiment in bird song | WCS |
| what was the conclusion after the classical experiment of WCS | 1. tendency to sing is innate but they have to learn their species song 2. requires auditory feedback 3. must be in sensitive period 4. learn only their species |
| who sings in birds? | MALES |
| areas in brain devoted for song learning in birds | HVC, IMAN, NCM |
| hvc destruction | prevents learning |
| hvc is larger in males with | larger repertoires |
| iman destruction | prevents learning |
| iman is absent | in species where song is innate |
| NCM function | processes auditory information, information for conspecific song, matching |
| swamp sparrow experiment conclusion | that birds learn all different species song, but match to their own species (filter out) |
| during sub song (when he hears himself sing) | the zenk gene in ncm activates and that builds neurological pathways for memory and learning |
| ncm contains what gene | zenk gene |
| during sensitive period (when he hears others sing) | zenk gene becomes active and alters attentiveness |
| foxp2 gene | for song perception |
| hvc IMAN and NCm communicate with | RA nucleus |
| ra nucleus communicates with | hypoglossal nuclueus (nXIITS) |
| hypoglossal nuclues sends messages to | syrynx (voice box) |
| live tutor | extends learning period |
| when is it impossible to learn in birds? | >100 |
| language learning in humans is an example of | semi restricted learing |
| brocas area | region of brain for language output |
| wernikes's area | region of brain for comprehension |
| unrestricted learning progams | plastic learning programs VERY OPEN TO LEARNING |
| example of associative learing | dog and bell |
| example of operant conditioning | mouse and lever=food |
| tabulsa rasa | blank slate |
| are their genetic constraints of associative learning? | yes |
| aposematic coloration | warning coloration |
| bastesian mimicry | the mimicry of aposematic coloration by nontoxic animals |
| costs of learning | delayed rep, high juvine vulnerability, high parental investment, greater complexity of nervous system |
| where is learning most beneficial | where environment is unpredicatable |
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