Age of Anxiety Ch.23 & 24
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Created by:
canadianlatte on February 16, 2009
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34 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Louis Pasteur | discovered microorganisms & disproved theory of spontaneous generation by fermentation experiment; bacteriology; pasteurization, vaccination (rabies), germ theory |
| Joseph Lister | first English surgeon to figure out germs can enter wounds; 1st to use antiseptics like carbolic acid |
| Max Planck | Quantum theory |
| Albert Einstein | Theory of Relativity (E=mc^2) - time and space are subject to observer, only light is constant |
| Friedrich Nietzsche | "God is dead" Rejected democracy, Western bourgeois society and christianity, saying the religion brought "slave morality", which encourages weakness; believed the "superman" would eventually rule |
| Sigmund Freud | Founder of psychoanalysis, created the first comprehensive theory of personality; human behavior is influenced mostly by subconscious (adds to uncertainty theme); 3 elements: id (pleasure principle, unconscious), superego (society's moral values) & ego (reality, princi. of reason) |
| Herbert Spencer | Applied the theory of social darwinism and "survival of fittest" to human societies; spurrs racism |
| Emile Zola | "Rougon Macquart"; Greatest of the naturalist/realist movement in literature who depicted working class and criticizes Dreyfus Affaire |
| Leo Tolstoy | "War & Peace" Russian author who combines realism with character descr. |
| Charles Dickens | English realist writer whose novels depicted and criticized social injustice |
| Igor Stravinsky | "Rite of Spring" Russian composer whose use of non-traditional harmonies and dissonant sounds revolutionized modern music. |
| Emmeline Pankhurst | English crusader for women's suffrage who used radical approaches like publicity stunts; suffragettes; founder of "Women's Social Political Union" |
| Theodore Herzel | "The Jewish State" Founder of Zionist movement for Palestine |
| Pope Pius IX | wrote "Syllabus of Errors"- condemns socialism, radicalism, liberalism, etc |
| Pope Leo XIII | "De Rerum Novarum"- states socialism contains Christian principles; supported Catholics to form labor unions; permits evolution to be taught as hypothesis; supports individual rights to private property |
| 1905 Revolution | The revolution that began January 1905 with Bloody Sunday and ended with Nicholas II creating the October Manifesto. |
| Effects of Russo-Japanese War | 1) 1st time Asiatic country defeats European power; 2) intensifies bad conditions for peasants (food shortages); 3) when soldiers were away at war, they couldn't deal with issues at home---> for the first time, the liberals, socialists, nationalists come together against czar --> 1905 Revo. |
| Bloody Sunday | even where workers in St. Petersburg march to Winter Palace asking czar Nicholas II to make reforms; soldiers star shooting into crowd --> chain reaction of revolts in Russia aka general strike |
| October Manifesto | In response to 1905 Revo., Nich. II tries to give "impression" of reform by creating "Duma" and promising civil liberties |
| white man's burden | used to rationalize imperialism- stemns from social darwinism |
| Cecil Rhodes | British mine owner; supported railway from Cape of Good Hope to Cairo & colonization of South Africa |
| open door policy | A policy proposed by the US in 1899, under which ALL nations would have equal opportunities to trade in China. |
| Matthew Perry | Commodore of the US Navy who opened up Japan with the Treaty of Kanagawa which forced Japan to open to Western trade and the revo. against the shogun |
| Opium War | a conflict between Britain and China, lasting 1839-1842 over Britain's opium trade; British win and impose Treaty of Nanking where G.B. gets Hong Kong |
| Boxer Rebellion | A revolt against foreign nations in China led by the Righteous Fists of Harmony; they took over Beijing but then put down by an international army; resulted in 2nd open door policy |
| Meiji Restoration | (1867-1912) a time period of modernization for Japan after the destruction of the shogunate, Meiji means enlightened rule, they studied western ways and developed a new government and military |
| Triple Alliance | Germany, Austria & Italy try to maintain BOP and were cautious of France |
| Triple Entente | Great Britian, France, and Russia allied together to stop Germany's aspirations. Counterbalanced Triple Alliance |
| Congress of Berlin | Led by Bismarck, it tried to balance interests of European powers in Africa & setup rules for imperialism; destroys Treat of San Stefano where Russia loses Bulgaria; |
| Boer War | G.B. defeat Boers in South Africa |
| What is the significance of William Gadstone's Reform Act of 1884? | gave agricultural workers the right to vote |
| Henri Bergson | French philosopher who believed in "life force" where humans couldn't attain the true reality |
| Georges Sorel | French thinker who believed violent general strike would bring down capitalist society and a new elite group of "superhumans" would rule |
| Houston Stewart Chamberlain | This man was the writer of The Foundations of the Ninteenth Century and believed in Aryan Superiority. |
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