| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Barbary or Tripolitan Wars | SITUATION: U.S. paid tribute to pirates off coast of N. Africa for safe passage of ships in Mediterranean. RESPONSE: Jefferson sent Navy to deal with pirates. |
| Executive, Legislative, Judicial w/ checks and balances | The separation of powers because of the constitution. |
| Robert Fulton | His steamboat, the Clermont, helped revolutionize travel at the beginning of the 1800s? |
| Era of Good Feelings | name for President Monroe's two terms: period of strong nationalism, economic growth, territorial expansion, and fewer partisan conflicts |
| Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions | Written in response to John Adams and the Alien and Sedition Acts, they stated that states should have the right to "nullify" federal legislation that they thought was unconstitutional? |
| Marbury v. Madison, 1803 | In this case, Chief Justice John Marshall (Federalist) declared pt. of the Judiciary Act of 1789 unconstitutional. It established "Judicial Review" (Supreme Court can void an act of congress if it violates the Constitution!) |
| Battle of Tippecanoe, 1811 | William Henry Harrison defeated Tecumseh's confederacy (when he was in the South recruiting) led by the Prophet (even thought he was told not to engage the army). William Henry Harrison became war hero! (Old Tippecanoe) |
| Sally Hemmings | It is believed that Jefferson fathered children with her (not his wife)? |
| "Midnight" Appointments or judges | WHAT: John Adams wanted to keep federalist policies in place so he signed in these new appointees near the end of his term. SIGNIFICANCE: Led to Marbury v. Madison (judicial review) |
| Fort Necessity | Washington got his start in helping to start the French and Indian War. What fort did he build? |
| Newburg Conspiracy, 1783 | Meeting in NY of Continental Army officers to address Congress about their pay. They considered staging a coup and seizing control of the new government until Washington's comments? |
| "Citizen" Edmond Charles Genet | French diplomat - (1793) asked U.S. to send money and troops to aid the revolutionaries in France. Made Washington mad when he began recruiting men and arming ships in U.S. ports. |
| McCulloch v. Maryland | WHEN: 1819. SITUATION: A state (HINT) was taxing the 2nd National Bank. SIGNIFICANCE: upheld the power of Congress to charter a bank as a government agency (translation 2nd National Bank is constitutional) denied the state the power to tax that agency. |
| Dartmouth College v. Woodward | WHEN: 1819. SIGNIFICANCE: It declared private corporation charters to be contracts and immune from impairment by states' legislative action. It freed corporations from the states which created them. |
| The National Road (Cumberland Road) | Eventually became first highway built by federal government. but... that's later! Madison vetoed it because he was a strict constructionist! He thought - STATES WERE RESPONSIBLE FOR INFRASTRUCTURE |
| Missouri Compromise, Henry Clay | WHAT? SOLUTION: (to avoid a civil war in 1820?) add Maine as a free state; add Missouri as a slave state; ban slavery in new territories above latitude line 36'30 ALSO WHO ENGINEERED IT? |
| John Jacob Astor | son of a poor German butcher, became richest man in country because of fur trade in New York City? |
| Thomas Jefferson | He said this "We are all Republicans, we are all Federalists"? |
| Virginia Plan | Favored large states and offered a bicameral legislature based on equal representation. |
| Emma Willard | She helped found the Troy Female Seminary/NY – first college for women, 1821! |
| 12th Amendment | Created separate voting for pres. and vice pres - added in 1804 to prevent trouble (think Election 1800). A candidate would also need a majority of the electoral votes to win (if not it was to be decided in the House of Representatives)? |
| Non-Intercourse Act, 1809 | Passed to try and get the French and British to accept U.S neutrality during the Napoleonic Wars, U.S. traded w/everybody EXCEPT Britain and France until neutrality respected. |
| New Jersey Plan | "small" state plan, each state would have one vote (equal representation) in a unicameral (one house) legislature |
| Thomas Jefferson | Preferred states rights limited terms for senators, was pro-French, and a strict or "narrow" constructionist (leader of the Democratic-Republican Party )? |
| Alexander Hamilton | Preferred a strong federal government, was pro-British, and had a loose or "broad" constructionist (leader of the Federalist Party)? |
| Middle Passage | The deadly journey of slaves from West Africa to the West Indies? |
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