basic chem
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18 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 ion | an atom or group of atoms that has a positive or negative charge |
| isotope | an atom with the same number of protons and a different number of neutrons from other atoms of the same element |
| element | any substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances |
| compound | a substance made up of atoms of two or more different elements joined by chemical bonds |
| molecule | a group of atoms that are held together by chemical forces; a molecule is the smallest unit of matter that can exist by itself and retain all of a substance's chemical properties |
| chemical bond | the force of attraction that holds two atoms together as a result of the rearrangement of electrons between them |
| ionic bond | a chemical bond in which one atom loses an electron to form a positive ion and the other atom gains to electron to form a negative ion |
| covalent bond | a chemical bond that involves sharing a pair of electrons between atoms in a molecule |
| polar covalent bond | a covalent bond between atoms in which the electrons are shared unequally |
| neutral solutions | equal H+ and OH- concentration (7.00) |
| acid | any compound that forms H+ ions in solution pH scale 1-7 |
| base | compound that releases OH- ions in solution; pH greater than 7 |
| pH scale | measurement of H+ ions, the smaller the number the more H+ ions there are. base- 7-14 acid- 1-7 7 is neutral. |
| buffers | chemical substances that neutralize small amounts of either an acid or a base added to a solution |
| chemical reactions | the process in which chemical bonds are broken and/or formed CH4+O2 ===> CO2+H2O |
| chemical equation | CH4+O2 ===> CO2+H2O Fe+O2 ===> Fe2O3 |
| solute | the substance that is dissolved |
| solvent | substance in which a solute is dissolved to form a solution |
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