| Term | Definition |
| Age-structure diagram | graph of the number of males and females within different age groups of a population |
| Carrying capacity | largest number of individuals of a population that a given environment can support |
| Demographic transition | change in a population from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates |
| Demography | scientific study of human populations |
| Density-dependent limiting factor | limiting factor that depends on population size |
| Density-independent limiting factor | limiting factor that affects all populations in similar ways, regardless of population size |
| Emigration | movement of individuals out of an area |
| Exponential growth | growth pattern in which the individuals in a population reproduce at a constant rate |
| Immigration | movement of individuals into an area occupied by an existing population |
| Limiting factor | factor that causes the growth of a population to decrease |
| Logistic growth | growth pattern in which a population’s growth rate slows or stops following a period of exponential growth |
| Population density | number of individuals per unit of area |
| Predator-prey relationship | mechanism of population control in which a population is regulated by predation |