| Term | Definition |
| Articles of Confederation | plan of government that gave the U.S. a small, weak national government |
| Constitution | a system of government that was designed to keep the country together, protect citizen's rights, and uphold a strong central government. |
| Preamble | introduction to the constitution |
| Bill of Rights | 1st 10 amendments; protects the rights of citizens |
| democracy | government that gives people the right to change their government by voting |
| colony | a settlement ruled by another country |
| Mississippi River | longest river in the U.S. |
| Mystic River | flows through Massachusetts. European settlers used this river to catch fish to fertilize their crops. |
| Charles River | European settlers used it to make enery for their mills. |
| Hudson River | begins in New York and flows into the Atlantic. Named for Henry Hudson. |
| Trail of Tears | the mass movement of Indians to Oklahoma (by Andrew Jackson) during which many died. |
| Westward Expansion | huge movement of people to western part of the U.S. |
| Louisiana Purchase | a land purchased by Thomas Jefferson from France for $15 million that more than doubled the size of the U.S. |
| Abraham Lincoln | president of the U.S. who freed slaves through the Emancipation Proclamation |