| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Steps in the Research Process | 1) select topic, 2) focus question, 3) design study, 4)collect data, 5) Analyze data, 6)interpret data, 7) inform others |
| What is a Research Question: | the organizing principle for an individual study. It clarifies exactly what the researcher wants to understand, describe, or explain |
| Characteristics of a Good Research Question: | 1) It elicits an explanation or description, not an answer 2) It links contructs & suggests associations or relationships 3) It can be addressed w/ empirical evidence 4) It is focused and feasible |
| PICO approach | Patient/problem, intervention, comparison intervention, outcomes. Works best for quantitative designs |
| Confidence intervals: | allow us to use sample data to estimate a population value like the ture mean or the true proportion. EX: what is the true avg amount students spend weekly on alcohol |
| Hypothesis testing: | Allows us to use sample data to test a claim about a population, such as testing whether a population proportion or population mean = some #. EX: is the true avg amount that students spent weekly on alcohol $20 |
| Null hypothesis: | always represents the status quo, i.e. the hypothesis that requires no change in current behavior. |
| Alternative hyposthesis | is the conclusion that the researcher is trying to make. |
| Using the PubMed database | Identify the key concepts in your research question. Example: Find citations about bronchodilators for treating asthma in children.The key concepts are bronchodilators, asthma and children Enter the significant terms into the search box. Press the Enter key or click Go |
| Currency | how up to date the information that is being used |
| Writing References in APA style | Author (alphabetical) month/year, journal name, article name, where it was retrieved |
| Difference between a literature review and a research paper | Research paper – supports your own argument. Literature review-summary and synthesis of the arguments and ideas of others |
| Literature review strategies | Find a focus – organize around an idea, Construct a working thesis statement, Organize: Basic categories include: Introduction Body Conclusions Organizing the body methods include: Chronological, Thematic, Methodological |
| Reasons behind making outlines | Aids in the process of writing, Helps organize ideas |
| Purpose statement | a declarative sentence which summarizes the specific topic and goals of a document. It is typically included in the introduction to give the reader an accurate, concrete understanding what the document will cover and what he/she can gain from reading it. To be effective it should be: specific and precise, concise, clear, goal oriented |
| Thesis | The answer to the question is the thesis statement for the paper. |
| Types of Outlines | Alphanumeric, Full Sentence, Decimal |
| Keys to a Successful Presentation: | Define Objectives, Know Your Audience, Organize Your Presentation, Develop Visual Aids, Address Your Delivery, Develop Your Q&A, Check Out Your Environment |
| Scientific Structure | Report of Literature Search, Methodology/Techniques, Results, Interpretation/Discussion, Future Implications |
| The 3 step outline of a presentation | Step One: Tell them what you will tell them Step Two: Tell them Step Three: Tell them what you told them |
| Importance of visual aids | Increase Audience Interest, Focus Audience Attention, Induce Audience Participation, Reinforce Points of Emphasis, Increase Retention of Content |
| What % of what we learned is by sight? | 87% |
| What % of what % of we learn is from what we see and hear | 50% |
| What % of what we learn is by participation | 70% |
| Effective delivery factors | Enthusiasm, Audience Bonding, Posture/Movement, Gestures, Eye Contact, Voice Quality |
| Hazards of presentations | Poor Introduction, Equipment Failure, Missing Materials, Lighting, Hecklers, Late Returners |
| Effective/Ineffective purpose statement: "The purpose of this paper is to describe the changes that are occurring in corporate America | ineffective: too vague |
| Ineffective/effective purpose statement:"The purpose of this report is to discuss the eating disorders Anorexia and Bulimia | Ineffective: to vague |
| ineffective/effective purpose statement: This article will cover the different ways a company can become organized | Ineffective: obscure and misleading |
| Ineffective/effective purpose statement:This paper will describe four common causes of co-worker conflict in organizations and explain how to use a five-step procedure to constructively manage this conflict | effective: very specific |
| Ineffective/effective purpose statement: This report will explain how supervisors can use four planning strategies to improve employee productivity in the workplace | effective: very specific |
| Ineffective/effective purpose statment: This purpose of this report is to describe the main causes of traffic congestion in Seattle | Effective: leaves no doubt about the reporters main purpose |
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