1.
anastomoses: where two or more arteries supply the same region- this is the connection
2.
anterior interventricular branch, circumflex branch: two divisions of the left coronary artery
3.
anterior interventricular sulcus: shallow groove in the anterior of the heart that marks the external boundary between the right and left ventricles
4.
aortic valve: blood flows from the left ventricle to the aorta through this valve
5.
apex: part of heart that is formed by the tip of the left ventricle and rests on diaphragm
6.
arch of the aorta: after blood from the ascending aorta enters the coronary arteries, remainder of the blood passes into this structure, and then to the descending aorta
7.
ascending aorta: largest artery in the body
8.
auricle: on the anterior surface of each atrium; structure increases the capacity of the atrium slightly so it can hold a greater volumr of blood
9.
autorythmic cells: cells that repeatedly and rhythmically generate action potentials; act as pacemaker of the heart, setting the rhythm for the contraction of the entire heart
10.
base: part of heart- the upper, broad portion formed by the atria
11.
bicuspid valve: blood passes from the left atrium to the left ventricle through this valve
12.
cardiac conduction system: route that delivers action potentials throughout the heart muscle; ensures that the cardiac chambers are stimulated to contract in a coordinated manner
13.
chordae tendineae: tendonlike cords that are connected to the cusps of hte tricuspid valve
14.
collateral circulation: alternative routes for blood to reach a particular tissue or organ
15.
coronary arteries: branch from the ascending aorta and carry blood to the heart wall
16.
coronary circulation: the flow of blood through the many vessels that pierce the myocardium
17.
coronary sinus: blood draining out of the myocardium has collected CO2 and wastes and drains into this structure
18.
coronary sinus: receives blood from most of the vessels draining the wall of the heart
19.
coronary sulcus: groove that encircles most of the heart, and marks the external boundary between the superior atria and inferior ventricles
20.
coronary sulcus, anterior interventricular sulcus, posterior interventricular sulcus: three grooves on the surface of the heart
21.
descending aorta: consists of the thoracic and abdominal aorta
22.
ductus arteriosus: during fetal life, a temporary blood vessel that shunts blood from the pulmonary trunk to the aorta (therefore only a small amount of blood goes into the non-functioning fetal lungs)
23.
electrocardiogram: a recording of the electrical changes that accompany the heartbeat
24.
endocardium: layer of the heart that is a thin layer of endothelium overlying a thin layer of connective tissue; provides a smooth lining for the chambers of the heart and covers the valves of the heart; is continuous with the endothelial lining of the large blood vessels attached to the heart
25.
epicardium: heart layer composed of the visceral layer of the serous pericardium and connective tissue; outermost layer
26.
epicardium, myocardium, endocardium: three layers of the heart, from superficial to deep
27.
fibrous pericardium: layer of heart that is composed of dense irregular connective tissue; prevents overstretching of the heart, provides protection and anchors the heart to the mediastinum
28.
fibrous skeleton of the heart: dense connective tissue that, along with cardiac muscle tissue, forms the heart wall; consists of 4 rings that surround the heart valves
29.
fibrous, serous: two layers of the pericardium
30.
foramen ovale: an opening in the interatrial septum of the fetal heart that directs blood from the right atrium to the left atrium in order to bypass the non-functioning fetal lungs
31.
fossa ovalis: oval depression on the interatrial septum; remnant of the foramen ovale
32.
great cardiac vein, middle cardiac vein: principal tributaries carrying blood into the coronary sinus
33.
heart valves: four of these prevent backflow of blood in the heart and are composed of dense connective tissue covered by endocardium
34.
inferior vena cava: brings blood from all parts of the body inferior to the diaphragm
35.
interatrial septum: thin partition between the right and left atria
36.
interventricular septum: partition that separates the right ventricle from the left ventricle
37.
left atrioventricular, right atrioventricular, pulmonary, aortic fibrous rings: 4 fibrous rings of the skeleton of the heart
38.
left atrium: receives oxygenated blood from the lungs via the pulmonary veins
39.
left atroventricular valve: another name for the bicuspid valve
40.
left ventricle: thickest part of the heart, forms the apex of the heart
41.
ligamentum arteriosum: ductus arteriosus in fetal life; remnant that connects the aortic arch and pulmonary trunk
42.
mediastinum: location of the heart
43.
myocardium: responsible for pumping action of the heart, and is composed of cardiac muscle tissue; 95% of the heart wall
44.
P wave, QRS wave, T wave: waves recorded during each cardiac cycle via an EKG
45.
papillary muscles: These structures are part of the ventricular wall and they attach to the chordae tendineae. When the atrioventricular valve closes and the chordae tendineae pull on these structures, the resulting stretching of them cause them to contract against the stretch so they pull the valve and thereby help prevent prolapse of the valve.
46.
parietal layer: outer layer of serous pericardium; fused to the fibrous pericardium
47.
parietal, visceral: layers of serous pericardium
48.
pectinate muscles: muscles lining the anterior right atrial wall
49.
pericardial cavity: the space that contains the few mililiters of pericardial fluid
50.
pericardial fluid: thin film of lubricating fluid betwen the parietal and visceral layers of the serous pericardium; slippery secretion of pericardial cells that reduces friction between the membranes as the heart moves
51.
pericardium: the membraneous sac that surrounds and protects the heart
52.
posterior interventricular branch, marginal branch: two divisions of the right coronary artery
53.
posterior interventricular sulcus: marks the external boundary between the ventricles and the posterior aspect of the heart
54.
pulmonary pump: consists of the right atrium and right ventricle, the weaker of the two pumps; moves deoxygenated blood through the blood vessels of the lungs
55.
pulmonary trunk: divides into the right and left pulmonary arteries
56.
pulmonary valve: blood passes from the right ventricle through this valve into the pulmonary trunk
57.
pulmonary veins: carry oxygenated blood from the lungs back to the heart (left atrium)
58.
right and left coronary arteries: arteries that branch from the ascending aorta and supply oxygenated blood to the myocardium
59.
right atrium: receives deoxygenated blood from the systemic circulation
60.
right atroventricular valve: another name for the tricuspid valve
61.
semilunar valves: another name for the pulmonary and aortic valves
62.
serous pericardium: thinner, more delicate membrane around the heart that forms a double layer
63.
sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node, atrioventricular bundle, right &left bundle branches, Purkinje fibers: action potentials propogate thru these components of the conduction system
64.
superior vena cava: brings blood from mosts parts of the body superior to the heart
65.
superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, coronary sinus: right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from these veins
66.
systemic pump: comprised of the left atrium and left ventricle- the stronger of the two pumps; circulates oxygenated blood to all systems of the body
67.
trabeculae carneae: series of ridges formed by raised bundles of cardiac muscle fibers on inner surface of the right ventricle
68.
tricuspid valve: blood passes from the right atrium to the left ventricle through this valve
69.
vascular sinus: a thin-walled vein with no smooth muscle to alter its diameter
70.
visceral layer: inner layer of the serous pericardium, also called epicardium when combined with the underlying areolar or adipose tissue; adheres tightly to the surface of the heart
