APUSH- CH. 13
About this set
Created by:
asteinberger on October 20, 2011
Description:
BUS = bank of the United States
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46 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Andrew Jackson | candidate from TN in 1824 known for his heroic victory in New Orleans and was very popular because of it; lost and campaigned for the next election right after the lost until the election of 1828 proclaming he would work for the common man and sweep out Adams' term of dishonesty-> gained him wild support in the South and West to give him the undeniable win in 1828 |
| John C. Calhoun | political parties were so unclear during the election of 1824, this politician showed up as vice president for both Adams and Jackson on the ballots; wrote the "South Carolina Exposition" secretly because he was vice president under Jackson at the time(Jackson's first term); also served as Adams Vice President |
| Henry Clay | candidate in 1824 from Kentucky; was eliminated when the close voting was sent to the House; he was still Speaker of the House after he was eliminated from the ballot so he had the power to swing the vote towards Adams favor (out of hatred towards Jackson); after Adams won the election, he was nominated Secretary of State |
| Martin Van Buren | Jackson's vice president from New York; Jackson tried to persuade everybody to vote for his successor in the election of 1832--- he won over war hero Harrison; he was the 8th president and the 1st one to be born in America; his presidency was full of enemies, views of weakness, and lots of toil |
| William Crawford | another 1824 candidate from Georgia who was ill for much of the race; was passed for a final candidate for the House voted election but suffered a stroke, forcing him to pull out of the election |
| John Quincy Adams | one of the four candidates in the election of 1824; a MA politician who was very intelligent; was elected president in the House election thanks to Henry Clay---> rumors of corrupt bargain with Clay led to public outcry, especially when Clay was nominated his Secretary of State; this president was a great secretary of state but was a less than good president- he refused to give into his party and went against the public tide, creating hatred for him in the nation |
| Daniel Webster | like many New Englanders, he gave up the defense that free trade would support higher tariffs--> came about during tough times of protecting American trade therefore paying higher prices OR reintroduce foreign competition of the American market |
| Nicholas Biddle | the president of the BUS where he held unconstitutional power over the nation's finances even though his bank was private |
| Osceola | leader of the Seminole Indians in Florida who hid and fought Americans in the Everglades; was shot two years into the seven year long fight---> the tribe finally fled either deeper into the Everglades or into Oaklahoma without their leader |
| Stephen Austin | was granted a huge piece of land and would bring 300 American families to settle in Texas where they would have to be Catholic and would be "Mexicanized" upon arrival |
| William Harrison | the leading "favorite son" due to his heroic past of the victory of Tippecanoe but lost to Van Buren in the election of 1836; ran again in 18040 where the Whigs campaigned him as a poor western farmer when he was actually was very wealthy and won |
| Sam Houston | latecomer to Texas was an ex-govenor of TN; he led Texas in their fight for independence and finally captured Santa Anna, making him sign treaties |
| John Tyler | Virginian who was put as Harrison's vice president in the election of 1840 |
| Santa Anna | dictator of Mexico during Texas colonization era; wouldn't accept slavery in Texas and when Austin tried to negotiate, he threw him in jail; in 1835, this dictator wiped out all local rights and raised an army to suppress the Texans |
| Black Hawk | led Sauk and Fox braves from Illinois and Wisconsin to resist eviction from the whites; bloodily crushed by American troops in 1832 |
| William Travis | colonel in Texas Revolution and was a leader during the Alamo capture where only one of his men died |
| annexation | govn't aquires and establishes sovereignty over a new territory by sometimes using force or a purchase; Texas was this by the United States after Mexican consent |
| antislavery | wide spread idea mostly in New England that opposed slavery but some southern towns developed this status for themselves as well |
| favorite sons | the Whig party strategy to run multiple possible candidates, each with a different regional appeal to scatter the vote, leading to a no majority win for any candidate so the Whigs would have a chance in the House |
| common man | a political leader who rose up from the bottom to make himself who they are now; Andrew Jackson was the model for this- he was so well liked because the country could relate to him |
| nullification | any law passed by govn't can be null and void by a state- exactly what the "South Carolina Exposition" displayed out of frustration to Tariff of Abominations |
| spoils system | rewarding one's political supports with positions in public office; Jackson defended his use of this idea by saying a common person should hold positions in politics instead of all aristocrats |
| rotation in office | supported by the New Democracy; similar to the spoils system in that it was patronage- based favors for those who helped another get into office; Jackson felt in made the govn't more democratic by more public participation |
| Democratic- Republicans | Jackson shortened their name to just Democrats; very democratic and believed in the common man, opposed a strong bank and were viewed as an anarchal party by the Whigs |
| Anti-Masonic | a 3rd party that entered the election of 1832; this party opposed the influence and fearsome secrecy of the Masonic order; appealed to Americans who were suspicious secret societies |
| Revolution of 1828 | campaign idea of Jackson supporters showing him as a wartime hero and a common man who would work for them in Washington rather than aristocratic Adams and his corrupt presidency |
| 12th Amendment | directs that the House must chose the top three candiates in a presidential election deadlock; in the election of 1824 this idea had to be used because nobody won the majority; eliminated Clay in order to decide the election of 1824 |
| King Mob | name given to Jackson; proposed that Jackson believed too much in democracy where the name negatively hints at anarchy |
| corrupt bargain | Clay was eliminated when the House had to eliminate their presidential candidates to three; he was Speaker of the House still so he allegedly persuaded representatives to elect Adams- Adams won and Clay was later Adams' Secretary of State, leading to public outcry of this |
| Tariff of Abominations | an extremely high tariff that Jacksonian democrats tried to get Adams to veto; passed in 1828 around election time- then Jackson was elected president |
| South Carolina Exposition | pamphlet published by a state legislature secretly written by vice president Calhoun; denounce the tariff of abominations as unconstitutional and proposed the states should nullify the tariff |
| Tariff of 1832 | replaced the tariff of abominations; still was protective and fell short of southern demands; showdown in SC led to the state voiding it within their state boundaries and threatened Washington DC with removing SC from the union if the govn't kept collecting duties by force |
| Specie Circular | in the last year of Biddle's bank, unreliable money circulated, especially in the West; Jackson had the treasury pass this decree that required all public land be purchased with "hard" (past BUS coins) money; led to the crash of 1837 |
| Slavocracy | to rule with overwhelming support for slavery; North felt South was using this to try to get Texas to be a slave state |
| Tariff of 1833 | Clay's compromise of reducing the tariff of 1832 by 10%; most opposition came from the North and Middle states who wanted the protection for their industries |
| Trail of Tears | a part of Jackson's Indian Removal Policy where Cherokee Indians had to give up lands East of the Mississippi River and to migrate to Oaklahoma; had devestating effects on migrants of hunger, disease, and exhaustion where many died |
| panic of 1837 | cause by rampant speculation of get-rich-quick in the West; often did business on borrowed capital with sketchy currency; also caused Jackson's Bank War, Specie Circular, failure of crops skyrocketed food prices and many British bank failures |
| Force Bill | passed at the same time as the Tariff of 1833; authorized the president to use the army and navy to collect federal tariff duties if necessary |
| Seminole Indians | one the "Five Civilized Tribes" who inhabited Florida; retreated to the Everglades with runaway slaves and fought with guerilla warfare for 7 years where but were doomed after the death of their leader; some fled deeper into the Everglades while others went to Oaklahoma |
| Divorce Bill | Van Buren's optimistic ideal of keeping govn't paws off of the economy; idea was to completely separate govn't from bank which would form independent treasury in which the govn't could lack surplus money in several cities |
| Bank of the United States | Jackson distrusted monopolistic banks like this one; the bank pressed coins while private banks printed money; the value of the paper would fluctuate with how the private bank was doing unlike this bank's steady value coins; Biddle, the president, had corrupt power over the nation's finances; Jackson declared it unconstitutional instead of renewing the charter |
| Lone Star | Texas was freed from Spain and welcomed Americans---> Texas won independence and flew this type of flag after the victory |
| independent treasury | ideal of Van Buren's divorce bill in which the govn't (would be separated from bank) could lock surplus money away in larger cities to ensure safety of govn't funds and would be denied to banking system as reserves which would shrivel up credit resources |
| Democratic party | Jackson's party who stood for simple, frugal, and nonintrusive govn't--> opposed to govn't spending and favoritism saying it supported aristocrats, not the common people |
| pet banks | a few dozen institutions were set up to have the draining BUS funds be dispersed; flooded the country with paper money |
| Whig party | had many scattered ideas as a party; hatred of Jacksonian ideals, supporters of the American System, southern states' righters, larger northern industrialists and merchants and eventually the Anti-Masonic party |
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