1.
adherens: ______ junctions resist separation during muscle contraction
2.
adherens: _______ junctions attach to microfiliments in the cytoskeleton
3.
adherens: junctions are found in epithelial tissue that must resist separation during slow, continuous muscle contraction (e.g. digestion)
4.
adherens: _______ junctions are formed by thick 'belts' of glycoprotein with actin microfilament 'stripes' forming around cell
5.
adherens, desmosome, hemidesmosome, gap, tight: There are five types of cell junctions: Three anchoring junctions: _____, ______, _____ and two other junctions: ______ and _______
6.
areolar connective: When you separate the various organs, blood vessels, and muscles from each other during a dissection, you are destroying ________ tissue
7.
bilaminar embryonic disc: The double membrane formed where these two cavities inside the blastocyst touch is called the ________.
8.
blastocyst: FERTILIZATION: the zygote divides until it becomes a hallow ball of cells called a __________.
9.
brown fat: What generates considerable heat that probably helps maintain proper body temperature in newborn infants?
10.
cadherins: ______ is a glycoprotein found in desmosomes and adherens junctions
11.
cell junction: a _______ is a contact point between the plasma membrane of tissue cells.
12.
connexins: ______ are membrane proteins that make up the connexon;
13.
connexons: ______ are the tiny fluid filled tunnels that connect neighboring cells (gap junction); allows communication of the cells that are close together.
14.
dense regular connective tissue: What tissue forms tendons and ligaments?
15.
desmosome: ________junctions join right through a cell to cells on opposite sides
16.
desmosome: ______ junctions join cells to each other
17.
desmosome: _______ junctions are like buttons of adherens junctions but with keritin protein filiments on top.
18.
desmosome: ____ junctions are found in the heart to prevent separation under tension
19.
desmosome: _______ junctions are like velcro buttons that join to intermediate filaments in cytoplasm
20.
desmosome: ____ junctions are found in the skin to prevent separation under tension
21.
desmosome and adherens: the plaque in ______ and ______ junctions is cadherin protein
22.
desmosome, heidesmosome and adherens: the three type of anchoring junctions are: _____, ______, _____ junctions
23.
desmosomes: ______ are like "extra buttons" to add extra support / strength; holds tissues together in high friction areas. ex: skin and heart are high friction areas.
24.
ECMN (epithelial, connective, muscle, nerve): what are the four tissue types?
25.
ectoderm: epithelium that lines cavities open to the outside: nose, skin, oral, anal comes from ______
26.
ectoderm (meaning outside, this layer was the was epiblast): (re tissue origin) the _______ layer gives rise to the nervous system (response to stimulous outside the body), epidermis of skin, hair, nails oral, anal, nasal epithelium, etc...
27.
endoderm: epithelium that lines the gut and respiratory cavities comes from ______
28.
endoderm (meaning inside, this layer ws the hypoblast): the _______ layer gives rise to epithelium that lines gut (except oral, anal),respiratory system (not cavity), etc...
29.
epiblast, trilaminar disc: week three after fertilization, at the bilaminar embryonic disc, cells from the ______ migrate into the bilaminar space forming a third, middle layer called the _________consisting of three primary germ layers
30.
gap: ________junctions allow transfer of nutrients and waste between cells.
31.
gap: _______junctions enable rapid nerve or muscle impulses to spread (important in contraction of muscles for example)
32.
gap: _______ junctions facilitate communication between cells through chemical and electrical signals.
33.
gap: ____ junctions are found in the skin to facilitate communication and exchange of nutrients
34.
gap: _________ junctions, found in smooth and cardiac muscle help speed up muscle response
35.
gap: _________ junctions are found in embryo
36.
gap: _________ junctions are found in nervous tissue (rapid electrical communication)
37.
gap: _________ junctions are found in osteocytes (bone cells)
38.
gap: _________ junctions are found in epithelium
39.
gap: connexons are found in ________ junctions
40.
gap, desmosome: ___ and ____ junctions are found in cardiac muscle
41.
germ: the trilaminar disc has three ______ layers
42.
hemidesmosome: ________ junctions have a TRANSMEMBRANE protein integrin that attaches to the protein laminin (found in basement membranes)
43.
hemidesmosome: junctions attach cells to BASEMENT MEMBRANE not other neighboring cells
44.
hemidesmosome: ______ junctions are half desmosome junctions that found all over the body
45.
hemidesmosome: ______ junctions are found widely in the body
46.
hemidesmosome and desmosome: _____ and ______ junctions have keritin protein filiments on outside.
47.
histology: ______ is the study of tissues.
48.
hypoblast, epiblast: week two after fertilization, the blastocyst differentiate into two types called the _______ (primitive endoderm) and _______ (primitive ectoderm).
49.
keratin: _______ is an insoluble protein found in intermediate filaments and in DESMOSOME junctions
50.
merocrine: glands that liberate their secretions by exocytosis through their cell membrane are classified as ____
51.
mesoderm: the MESODERM/ENDODERM/ECTODERM layer gives rise to muscle
52.
mesoderm: the ____ layer of the trilaminar disc gives rise to all connective tissue
53.
mesoderm: The new middle layer of the trilaminar disc is called the ________ and consists of more loosely organized connective tissue.
54.
mesoderm: epithelium that lines tubes where connective tissues flow (i.e. blood and lymph) & kidneys, ureters and other ventral cavities comes from the ______
55.
mesoderm: ________ embryonic cells become the epithelium of the kidneys, ureters and ventral body cavities
56.
mesoderm (meaning middle): (re tissue origin) the _______ layer gives rise to all skeletal and cardiac muscle and most smooth muscle, all connective tissue, epithelial lining of blood and lymphatic vessels, epithelium of kidneys, ureters, ventral body cavities, etc...
57.
osteocytes: Which of the following is a part of the bone matrix? platelets, osteocytes, chrondrocytes, columnar cells
58.
pathology: _______ is the study of how cells and tissues change structurally and functionally because of disease to helps make accurate diagnoses.
59.
plaque: ______ is a bunch of proteins that form on the outside surface of cells at cell junctions
60.
simple cuboidal: The follicles of the thyroid gland are made up of which type of epithelium?
61.
tight: _____ junctions are formed by web-like strands of transmembrane proteins
62.
tight: _____junctions are found lining the gut and urinary bladder
63.
tight: the main function of _____junctions is to isolate and prevent leaking.
64.
tight: _____ junctions are in areas where the cells are separated from one another completely; no communication; sealed off / prevents leaking. ex: testes, stomach, bladder, small intestines.
65.
tight: _____junctions isolate sperm in the testes because otherwise the bodies immune system would detect them as different and destroy them.
66.
tight: ______junctions look like cells are stitched together
67.
tissue, function, origin: _______is a group of cells that usually has a common ______ and ______
68.
trilaminar embryonic disc, ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm: (re tissue origin) within the third week the __________ is formed and consists of 3 primary germ layers; ______, _______, _______
