chapter 4 vocab
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Created by:
chrismcd95 on October 22, 2011
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22 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 alpha particle | a particle with two protons and two neutrons, with a 2+ charge; is equivalent to a helium-4 nucleus |
| alpha radiation | radiation that is made up of alpha particles |
| atom | the smallest particle of an element that retains all the properties of that element |
| atomic mass | the weighted average mass of the isotopes of that element |
| atomic mass unit | one-twelfth the mass of a carbon-12 atom |
| atomic number | the number of protons in an atom |
| beta particle | a high-speed electron with a -1 charge that is emitted during radioactive decay |
| beta radiation | radiation that is made up of beta particles |
| cathode ray | a ray of radiation that originatres from the cathode and travels to the anode of a cathode ray tube |
| Dalton's atomic theory | a theory proposed by John Dalton in 1808, based on numerous scientific experiments, that marked the beginning of the development of modern atomic theory |
| electron | negatively charged particle |
| gamma ray | high-energy radiation that has no electrical charge and no mass, is not deflected by electric or magnetic fields, usually accompanies alpha and beta radiation, and accounts for most of the energy lost during radioactive decay |
| isotope | one of two or more atoms with the same atomic number but with different numbers of neutrons |
| mass number | the sum of the number of neutrons and protons in an atomic nucleus |
| neutron | a subatomic particle that has no charge and that is found in the nucleus of an atom |
| nuclear equation | a type of equation that shows the atomic number and mass number of the particles involved |
| nuclear reaction | A reaction that involves a change in the nucleus of an atom |
| nucleus | a part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for growth and reproduction |
| proton | a stable particle with positive charge equal to the negative charge of an electron |
| radiation | the transfer of energy in the form of rays, waves, or particles |
| radioactive decay | the spontaneous disintegration of a radioactive substance along with the emission of ionizing radiation |
| radioactivity | the spontaneous emission of a stream of particles or electromagnetic rays in nuclear decay |
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