Midterm Review for U.S. History
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46 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Political Parties, George Washington | The Federalists and Democratic Republican versions formed within Washington's Cabinet, led by Hamilton and Jefferson. |
| Jay's Treaty (1795), George Washington | We negotiated with Britain to get their forts out of the Ohio Territory, but they were allowed to continue their fur trade in the area. |
| National Bank (1791), George Washington | Hamilton's Economic Plan included one of those to help Northeastern merchants and to make sure that the wealthy were invested in the federal government. |
| Whiskey Rebellion (1794), George Washington | Farmers in Western Pennsylvania resented a federal tax on their cash "crop," but Washington showed that the law will be enforced by the new national government. |
| Bill of Rights, George Washington | Many anti-Federalists agreed to support ratification once the Federalists promised to add this set of amendments protecting individual rights. |
| Proclamation of Neutrality (1793), George Washington | Washington refused to get the U.S. involved in the war between Britain and France. He warned against "entangling alliances" and issued this statement. |
| Genet, George Washington | This French citizen came to America to ask for support in the French Revolution. He insulted Washington by asking the people directly after the president has refused to provide aid. |
| Battle of Fallen Timbers, George Washington | Indian resistance in the Ohio Territory was ended by "mad Anthony" Wayne at this battle. |
| Cabinet, George Washington | Washington began the tradition of hiring a group of professional advisers, creating the positions of Secretary of State (Jefferson), Secretary of Treasure (Hamilton), Secretary of War (Knox) and Attorney General (Randolph). |
| Kentucky and Virginia Resolves (1798-1799), John Adams | Jefferson and Madison wrote these critiques of the Alien and Sedition Acts, creating the doctrine of nullification- meaning that states could declare federal laws unconstitutional. |
| France, John Adams | Adams decided not go to war with this nation over violation of neutral shipping rights. The decision was smart but not popular. |
| XYZ Affair (1798), John Adams | The French sent low-level diplomats to meet with out American delegation and demanded a $250,000 bribed to see Talleyrand. Americans were insulted and said, "millions for defense, but not one cent for tribute." |
| Sedition Act (1798), John Adams | Adams got Congress to make it illegal to criticize the government. The law was used to prosecute Democratic-Republicans. |
| White House, John Adams | The president got this official residence in the new capital, Washington, D.C. |
| Judiciary Act of 1801, John Adams | Adams created 16 new federal judgeship's and filled them with "midnight judges" -Federalists appointed at the last minute of his term. |
| Alien Act (1798), John Adams | This law increased the amount of time that immigrants had to be in the U.S. before they could vote. It ended up keeping Democratic- Republicans form registering. |
| Impressment, Thomas Jefferson | Americans were outraged that both the British and the French were kidnapping sailors on American ships and making them serve in their navies. This term refers to the practice of kidnapping. |
| Marbury v. Madison (1803), Thomas Jefferson | The Supreme Court established judicial review, meaning that it is the courts' job to interpret the law. |
| Embargo Act (1807), Thomas Jefferson | Jefferson tried to keep us out of a war with Britain or France by stopping trade with those countries through this law. In the short-run, the hurt commerce in the North, but in the long-run, the law helped to make Americans self-sufficient in manufacturing. |
| Lewis and Clark (1803-1806), Thomas Jefferson | Jefferson sent these people to explore the newly purchased Louisiana Territory. |
| Burr-Hamilton Duel, Thomas Jefferson | Hamilton died in this fight; Hamilton fired in to the air. |
| Barbary Pirates (1801-1805), Thomas Jefferson | The U.S. was involved in a quasi-war for several years over free trade rights in the Mediterranean. We fought against this group. |
| Louisiana Purchase (1803), Thomas Jefferson | Jefferson nearly doubled the size of the U.S. when he bought this area from France for $15 million. |
| Pell-mell, Thomas Jefferson | Jefferson believed in random seating at dinner parties, casual dress, and the virtue of the common man. This term refers to his refusal to recognize rank. |
| War of 1812, James Madison | Believing that the British were trying to destroy the American economy, Madison began this conflict that was known as the "Second War for american Independence." |
| Tippecanoe, James Madison | William Henry Harrison got a reputation for being an effective "Indian Killer" at this battle against Native Americans who had British support. It occurred in the Northwest Territory in what is now Illinois. |
| Hartford Convention, James Madison | Federalists criticized the War of 1812 at this secret meeting, and there were rumors of secession by the Northeastern states whose commercial economies ere most harmed by the war. When the U.S. wont the war, Federalists lost their credibility. |
| National Road, James Madison | This federal internal improvement allowed Western settlers to move from Maryland to Illinois. |
| Treaty of Ghent, James Madison | This treaty ended the war of 1812 but did not solve the problems that started it. |
| Textiles, James Madison | The Northern economy was becoming more dependent on this industry, with factories like Lowell Mill. |
| Federalist Party, James Madison | This political party took the wrong side in the war of 1812 and so died a quick death following the treaty. |
| New Orleans, James Madison | Andrew Jackson made a name for himself in this conflict with the British. News traveled slowly, so he didn't know that the war had been over for about two weeks. A great country song entitled "The 8th of January" commemorates Jackson's inventive use of Yankee ingenuity. |
| Missouri compromise (1820), James Monroe | Maine came in to the Union as a free state. Missouri came in as a slave state. The 36" 30' line was to divide slave from free states in the Louisiana purchase. Clay helped to preserve balance of slave and free states was preserved in the Senate. Name the agreement. |
| Monroe Doctrine, James Monroe | In this landmark foreign policy doctrine, European nations were told not to found new colonies in the Western Hemisphere. |
| Adams-Onis Treaty (1819), James Monroe | This agreement with Spain established the Western border of the U.S. and gave us Florida. |
| Gibbons v. Ogden (1824), James Monroe | The Marshall Court ruled that only the federal government could regulate interstate commerce in this "steamboat case." |
| Opening of Erie Canal (1825), James Monroe | This internal improvement in New York connected the grain farmers of the Upper Midwest to the port of New York via the Hudson River. |
| Panic of 1819, James Monroe | This depression hit the U.S. during Monroe's presidency, dampening the Era of Good Feelings somewhat. |
| McCullough v. Maryland (1819), James Monroe | The Marshall court ruled that states could not tax federal institutions because "The power to tax is the power to destroy." |
| Dartmouth v. Woodward (1819), James Monroe | The Marshall Court ruled that a charter is a contract, and states could not interfere with the rights of contracts. |
| South Carolina Exposition and Protest (1826), John Quincy Adams | John Calhoun wrote this document proposing that the Tariff of Abominations be nullified. He thought that Southern states' rights were being violated because the tariff was to raise revenue instead of to regulate trade, and it hit the South hardest. |
| Cotton gin, John Quincy Adams | Cotton was becoming the main cash crop of the South, leading loan increase in the number of slaves. Name the invention that caused this result. |
| Corrupt Bargain, John Q. Adams | Adams has allegedly made this unethical deal with Henry Clay. The terms are thought to have been: Clay got to be Secretary of State (and thus probably president), while Clay used his position as Speaker of the House to throw the Election of 1824 to Adams. Jackson had won the popular vote and was furious. |
| Temperance, John Q. Adams | Inspired by the Second Great Awakening and concerned about the negative influenced of alcohol on society, this social rearm movement began to ban drinking. |
| "Separate Spheres" John Q. Adams | This idea refers to the thought that household task like cooking, cleaning, and raising children were better suited to women, while earning a living outside the home were more suitable for men. |
| Tariff of 1828 (or Tariff of Abominations) John Quincy Adams | This tax on imports made Southerners angry because they made money on exports and preferred to buy cheap manufactured goods from Britain other than expensive ones from the North. |
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