Rome
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Created by:
Katerhaters on October 23, 2011
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109 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Kingdom | 753-509BC |
| Republic | 509-27BC, independent, citizens gave certain elected officials power to manage the affairs of the government, power was with all citizens that voted, like a democracy |
| Empire | 27BC-476AD |
| Latins | founded in Rome |
| Etruscans | A group that occupied central parts of Italy Pennisula, had advanced civilizations, made alliances with all the city-states, had impressive architecture and mining, took over Rome 600BC was over thrown 509BC |
| Romans | controlled all of Italy 272BC |
| Punic Wars | 1st-Rome invaded Sicily and captured it, the Carthage's surrendered and gained Sicily, Corsica and Sardinia 2nd-218-202BC Spain launched an attack but later lost 3rd-149BC the Carthage launched another invasion on North Africa, Rome defeated them and took the land and their people into slavery |
| Hannibal | A Carthaginian general, launched invasion with Spain in the 2nd punic war, one of the most gifted military leaders |
| Patricians | Wealthy landowners in Rome social class, government leaders |
| Plebeians | small landowners, traders, artisans |
| Consuls | a |
| Senate | Legislative body compose of 300(later 600) patricians chosen for life, most powerful part of the government |
| Magistrates | f |
| Assembly of Centuries | Elected the senate, was controlled by the patricians |
| Tribunes | An official chosen by the plebians to protect their their interests, anyone who attacks them could get death sentence |
| Assembly of Tribes | elected the Tribune, were plebians |
| checks and balances | designed to prevent any one part of the government from gaining total control |
| Imperium | The highest political authority right to command an army, interpret and carry out law and pass death sentence |
| Cursus Honorum | An order of public offices held by pliticians, Roman Empire, political achievements |
| Dictator | what consuls can turn into for 6 months if they feel needed and the state is under emergency |
| Consuls | the highest office that you can be elected to, very few people, usually from noble families |
| Praetors | served as judge in law courts but also as the senate and assemblies, might govern as propraetors after their form |
| Censors | elected every five years conducted census of citizens and property assessment for taxes |
| Aediles | Supervise public places and games and grain supply, 2plebinians 2others |
| Sacrosanct | t |
| Quaestors | a |
| Curia | building where the senate met, located Roman Forum |
| SPQR | Republican government symbol "the senate and the Roman people |
| Comitia Curiata | assembly of the Curia, oldest assembly had most ceremonial and clan functions |
| Comitia Centuriata | Assembly of Centuries, elected consuls, praetors, censors, and declared was, cart for death sentence |
| ComitiaTributa | assembly of Tribes, elected all other magistrates, voted for laws, subgroup was Concilium Plebis |
| Concilium Plebis | Open only to plebeians, elected magistrates to plebeians, 287BC had the force of laws binding on the whole state |
| Cicero | lived during 2/3rds od the first centuryBC, Roman orator and writer against Julius Casear, politician and passionate defender of the law who criticized ambitious leaders |
| von Clausewitz | 1780-1831 was a prussian soldier, came from the middle class involved in politics |
| evolutionary not revolutionary | d |
| Roman Senate | o |
| practice v. theory | n |
| Veto | Inhibited overmighty citizens, consuls could veto any proposal, Praetors and other of could veto their colleges |
| oligarchy | a small group ruling over the country, in this case the important, wealthy families |
| Populares | other group fighting for power who wanted change, support from tribunes |
| Tiberius Gracchus | supported populares was a tribune, wanted to distribute land from the wealth to the farmers, murdered in 133BC by optimates |
| Gauis Gracchus | tiberius's brother also a tribune, stood for the same rights and was murdered also 12 years later, caused a civil war |
| Spartucus | A slave gladiator, raised up an army to a slave revolt |
| Pompey | Roman generals were called by the senate to put down the rebellion and then persuaded the senate to make them consuls, shared with Caesar and Crassus, when Crassus died he had a civil war with Caesar and died |
| Crassus | Roman generals were called by the senate to put down the rebellion and then persuaded the senate to make them consuls, shared with Caesar and Pompey, later died |
| Caesar | gifted politician, public speaker, spent money on entertainment, shared power with Pompey and Crassus(60BC) lead an army into Gaul and conquered, started a civil war with Pompey and won, became dictator and was later stabbed to death |
| First Triumvirate | Group of Caesar, Pompey, and Caesar |
| Gaul Campaign | Caesar led an army into it and conquered Gaul |
| Crossing the Rubicon | a |
| Caesar's Reforms | Divided land to the poor, reduced the senates power, people saw this as a threat and killed him |
| Ides of March | Caesar was stabbed to death by the Roman Senate |
| Antony | Caesar's adopted son, was in the second triumvirate, fell in love with cleopatra and later committed suicide with her |
| Lepidus | Part of the second triumvirate, retired after beating the forces of senate |
| Octavian | part of second triumvirate, was the last one and became emperor into the Pax Romana, ended the republic |
| Second Triumvirate | Antony, Ledipus, and Octavian |
| Battle of Actium | Antony tried to over take Octavian with the help of Cleopatra, so they could rule together, but Octavian won in 31BC and Antony committed suicide, this ends the Republic |
| Princeps | Octavian recieved this title, means "first citizen" |
| Supreme Leader | Octavian was referred to this after the battle of Actium by army |
| Augustus | "majestic", Octavian was given this name by the senate, ended the republic |
| Imperial system | Same as the republic but has an Emperor, started with Octavian, 27BC-476AD |
| Pax Romana | First 200 years of Roman Empire, "Roman peace" Smart, strong, wealthy, and happy empire |
| Caligula | ruled after Augustus, considered madman, successor of Augustus, bad emperor |
| Claudius | Intelligent/scholarly, successor of Augustus |
| Nero | successor of Augustus, accused of almost burning Rome to the ground, after his death disorder came in |
| Five Good Emperors | After Nero, Rome went threw bad emperors then Nerva and four more good emperors came |
| Zeus | Jupiter |
| citizen-soldier | a |
| bread & circuses | Latin metaphor meaning superficial means of appeasement |
| Diocletian | became Emperor in 284 divided up Rome, created number od regions called diocesses |
| Tetrarchy | A system when the leadership of four people |
| Constantine | struggle ended with him in 324, he moved the capital to from Rome to Byzantium, Constantinople |
| Edict of Milan | A letter signed by Constantine to tolerate religious things |
| Germanic tribes | Setting in Roman frontier called barbarians, didn't speak Latin, moved because of the pressure of the Huns |
| Adrianople | 378BC where a Roman army vanquished and killed the emperor |
| Alaric | Lead the Germans into Italy, 410 captured Rome |
| Odoacer/Odovacar | Germanic tribal leader, 476 brought western Empire to an end |
| Byzantine Empire | The Eastern part of Rome that survived from the Germans |
| Justinian | the greatest emperor of Byzantine, 527-565BC, reunited Rome and defeated ostrogoths |
| causes of Rome's fall | when the Byzantine Emperor took over, they preserved much of Rome's past |
| Twelve Tables | written down 12 laws on a stone tablet, displayed in market place, later more laws were added 450BC, made it possible for plebeians to appeal a judgement handed down by a patrician judge |
| law of nations | The law governing relations with other people |
| Stoic philosophers | made important contribute to Roman law, believe in virtues of duty, self discipline, and natural law |
| Latin | Language of Romans, language of the government, Italy, Spain, France, Portugal, and Romania |
| Romance languages | came from "Roman" model for western writers, influenced epic and drama, latin is one |
| Cicero | Senator, great Roman writer, he used latin |
| Vergil | praised Roman tradition, wrote the Aeneid(about founding Rome) |
| Horace | wrote lyrics about future glory of Roman Empire |
| Ovid | interested in entertaining readers, stories of Greek mythology, like Metamorphoses |
| Livy | wrote history of Rome, early empire |
| Tacitus | historian, wrote when Five Good Emperors were in power, criticized the decline of republican virtue and Augustus because he missed the republic |
| aqueducts | used Greek geometry to build them, had one that carried 300 million gallons of water, first built by Romans, used for water supply |
| religious sects | many different types of religion, mystery cults, philosophies like stoics, they had to obey the government though, attendent public ceremonies |
| Stoicism | philosophy beliefsthat your soul is immortal if you believe in spiritual concern rather than earthy matter |
| Christianity | New religion started in Palestine, "christ": anointed by thet greeks, Jesus was born during reign of Augustus, was crucified 29AD, Saint paul spread it to the Romans, refused to worship the emperor, seen as a threat and confiscated, but increase because of easy transportation, accepted everyone, eternal happiness |
| Edict of Milan | 313AD Christianity was made legal by Constantine |
| Edict of 380AD | Theodosius's made it the official religion of Rome |
| Marcus Aurelius | ended the Pax Romana 180AD, last of the "5 good emperors" |
| Greece influenced | art and literature in Rome |
| Roman legal system | it was unity and stability |
| Aphrodite | Venus |
| how did the wealth acquire from winning an empire affect Rome? | it widened the gap between rich and poor |
| the decline in the Roman republic followed a century of civil wars over? | who should hold power |
| who tried to restore order in the Roman empire? | diocletian and constantine |
| the greatest legacy of Rome was | commitment to the rule of law and to justice |
| reasons for the fall of Rome? | Germanic invasions, corrupt officials, and "bread and circuses" |
| Attila | ruler of the Huns, Germanic tribe that contributed in the downfall of the Roman empire |
| 3 types of roman law | civil law, law of nature, and law of nations |
| Aeneid | written by Virgil, emphasized the priority of he organized society, the glorification of the state, the successful state assured the individual happiness |
| the meditation by Marcus Aurelius | duty, human dignity, and self-sufficiency of reason |
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