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Jamestown 2 early English colonies failed, but ______ survived partly because of individual effort and hard work Spanish Armada After the defeat of this, England was free to colonize North America Richard Hakluyt ___________ _________ urges England to start colonies export, raw, Protestant Colonies would provide: market for English ______, source of ___ materials, establish _____ faith in Americas economic, religious persecution, freedom English colonists go to America b/c: to seek ______ opportunity, escape _______ ________ and achieve religious _______ (for themselves) Raleigh Sir Walter ______ begins colony on Roanoke island, Virginia England Native Americans cut off Roanoke settlers' food supply, so settlers return to ______ disappeared at the second Roanoke colony, the colonists _______, never found out what happened Sagadahoc _______ colony faces hardship (1607) so return to england Raleigh Sir Walter ______ is the only one to invest money in Roanoke, so when it fails, he loses his investment frontier techniques colonists lack _______ ________, so have difficulty surviving wealth, profit Roanoke fails because colonies must create own ______ instead of exploiting country/natives, and the wealth of no one man was enough for the colony to survive to the point where it would produce ____ joint-stock compnay To raise money for colonies, turn to _____-____ _______, which is backed by investors, who split profits and losses. Make Virginia company of London, Virginia Company of Pymouth charter Virginia company is given ______, so finances expedition to Chesapeake Bay religious, social, economic Hakluyt's reasons for wanting England to start colonies: _____, so they can convert people to Protestant. _______, because enclosure of farm fields for shep herding and influx of American gold causes food prices to rise but wages stay the same. _______, need for outlets for capitol, and need raw material capitol enough money to buy more supplies for colony Jamestown chespapeake Bay expedition starts _______, and settlers face disease and harsh weather gold Jamestown settlers told they would find ____, so they waste time searching food The colonists don't think they'll be staying in Jamestown, they just want to find gold and leave, but they waste time searching instead of focusing on _____ decayed, paupers, Native Americans Over half of Jamestown colonists die b/c of the inadequecy of settlers- some were ______ gentlemen, and others were urban ________. Inefficient management by bickering council memebers, and b/c of this, no food/supllies are grown, so tehy have to take from the ________ _________, who become hostile company, gold Another reason Jamestown settlers died was because the settlers had to work for the ______, not for them selves. This reduces incentive, so settlers start looking for ___ so they can leave John Smith, Powhatan, disorganized ____ ____ comes to Jamestown. Although he has no frontier techniques, he has experience and assigns responsibilities. also trades with _______ tribe. He goes back and then returns and finds that barely any of the colonists survived b/c once he left they became ______ again Warr, tobacco Lord De La _____ imposes discipline, and the settlers start growing _______ tobacco, private, indentured servants, Burgesses reasons for Jamestown success: 1. Start growing stable crop, _______. 2. transition to _______ ownership. 3. Have growing labor supply- _______ ______. 4. Governing council goes to House of __________ fees/tax, James, royal colony The disolution of virginia company: 2 reasons: 1. conflict over ___/___ duties. 2. Becomes weakened b/c of death rate, caused by inexperience and weak defense against Native Americans. King _____ I seizes colony and it becomes a _____ ______ Rolfe, Pocahontas Relations with Powhatan grow worse bcause settlers take land, so to improve relations John _____ marries the chief;s daughter, _________ 25, resent __% of white men in English colonies are indentured srvants, and they _____ wealthy landowners land The problem was that when indentured servants became free there was no ____ for them Rolfe, Pocahontas to make better the relations with Powhatan, John _____ marries ______ 25, wealthy __% of white men in English colonies are indentured servants and they resent ______ landowners Bacon, Berkely Nathaniel ____, who is wealthy, accuses governor William _____ of favoring wealthy Native Americans Bacon wants to start war against ______ ______ to get more land Jamestown, Bacon's Rebellion Bacon burns Jamestown, this is ________ ___________ governor, power Bacon and followers are killed, and House of Burgesses make new laws to prevent _____ from taking too much ___ republic Bacon's Rebellion brought House of Burgesses closer to being a ______ Pilgrims, Separatists _______ were _______ who were persecuted so they left the church of England and sailed to America Mayflower Compact, self, majority, Squatter's Agreement Pilgrims write ________ ______, says that they will obey rules, and establishes idea of ___ government and _______ rule. AKA ________ ________ Religion _____ plays a large role in settlement aand government of New England colonies Pawtuxet, treaty, terminated Pilgrims befriend Squanto, a ______, and Samoset. Sets up _____ between colonists and Native Americans. After Squanto dies, this is ______ Massachusetts Bay Colony In __________ ____ __________, if you are not a Puritan, your rights and voice are suppressed. Great Migration This movement of puritans is called the _____ _______ commonwealth First governor of MBC John Winthrop sets up ___________ congregation, town basic unit of commonwealth is ________. This sets up own _____, and each of these has form of self-government New England way, read Puritans follow "__ _______ ___": ____ ethic helps growth of colonies, and all children are required to learn to ____ Thomas Hooker, Connecticut, representative ________ _____ adopts Fundamental Orders of _______: extends voting rights to non-church members, limits governor power, expands idea of ________ government Portsmouth ______ is first European settlement in new Hampshire Williams, intolerance, Rhode Island Roger _______, minister in Salem, publishes "Bloody Tenent of Persecution", indicates that MBC has religious ________. He is forced to leave the colony, and founds _____ ______ AKA Rogue Island Hutchinson Anne ______ believes you can worship without church, Bible Quakers _____ believe everyone has an Inner Light, and that all people are equal Philip, individuals, everyone King ____ was actually a Native American named Metacomet. To Europeans, land is owned by _______. To Native Americans, land is owned by ______. King Philip's _____ ______ War: war between Puritans and Native Americans. Native Americans lose, forced to become workers and English settle farther into Native American lands scapegoats Salem witch trials show how society makes _____ out of people tobacco, rice, cotton, indigo South has good soil and cash crops are ________, ____, _____, _____ harbors, subsistence New England has ______ but bad soil. Are _______ farmers wheat Middle Colonies produce this crop, which helped in Civil War Catholics Dutch are ok with religious freedom, but no ________ Hudson Dutch found New Netherland, includes _____ River Valley, Long Island, land along Delaware River. patroon Dutch have ______ system. Each one of these brings 50 people, get land grant. Africans (slaves/indentured servants), Jews, Puritans come Sweden New England governor Peter Stuyvesant attack New _____, wants to add land to New Netherland, place they attack surrenders York, trade, geographically Duke of ____ is supposed to drive Dutch out of New Netherland because Dutch colonies threaten England's _____, and Dutch colonies _______ divide English colonies proprietary New Netherland surrenders to England and Duke of York makes it into ______ colony New Jersey, representative Duke of York gives __ _____ to friends/ Promise settlers religious freedom, land grants, _______ assembly Penn, Pennsylvania William ____ joins Quakers and from a previous debt from king, receives large piece of land, turns it into ________ for Quakers Three Lower Counties ____ _____ ________ join together and form Delaware tobacco, rice, indigo southern colonies- Maryland, the Carolinas, Georgia and Virginia, grow _______, ____, ______ indigo "blue gold" Catholics Lord Baltimore establishes Maryland for Roman _______ Toleration Act Maryland has __________ ___; promise of freedom of religion. Passed this because Protestant were becoming the majority population Virginia and Maryland Which 2 colonies' economies were based on tobacco? royal colony Maryland eventually becomes a _____ ______ because Lord Baltimore has difficulty holding on to it George Calvert Who was Lord Baltimore? rice, indigo, African Carolina grows ____ and ______ and uses _______ slave labor because rice requires hard labor Charles Town First Carolina settlement proprietary colonists overthrow Carolina's _______ rule and it becomes a royal colony. It divides into North and South Carolina slaves Hlaf of South Carolina's population is ______, since they grow rice, which is hard work Philanthropist Georgia was a ______ colony. People have money, so tehy help debtors debtors Georgia was founded to help ______ get a fresh start Spain, English During English-Spanish war, ____ tries to oust out _____ colonies but fails. Georgia was used as a buffer against Spanish Oglethorpe James ________ founds Georgia, and all religions welcome. His strict rules upset colonists, so King makes it a royal colony port Savannah, Georgia was important because it was a ____ slaves, rum, Catholics Oglethorpe outlawed ______, ___, _________ New England, Middle, Southern There are 3 regions: ___ ______ colonies, ______ colonies, ________ colonies Backcountry _________- region along Appalachian Mountains cold, rocky, English New England- ____ weather, _____ soil, mostly ______ settlers short, fertile, Europe Middle Colonies- ____ winters, _______ soil, settlers from all over ______ warm, good, African Southern colonies- ____ climate, ____ soil, use enslaved ________ labor vary, Scots Backcountry- climate and resources _____, many _____-Irish churches, theocracy, landowners MBC gives land to ______, and they start a congregation. Town becomes ______. People who vote are _________ subsistence Short growing season causes New Englanders to do __________ farming Fishing, lumber _______ is the main economic activity in New England. For ships, they harvest ______ Coastal _______ cities like Salem, Boston, New Haven, Newport grow rich other, Europe, triangular New England has 3 types of trade: with _____ colonies, direct exchange of goods with ______, and the _______ trade Africa, Indies, molasses Trianggular trade has 3 stops: In ______, trade goods for slaves, in West _____, trade slaves for sugar and ______. Take sugar and _______ (same as blank before this) back o New England Navigation, ships, ports, England passes _______ Acts to get $ from colonial trade. use English _____, or this made in English colonies. Sell products only to England and it's colonies. European imports to colonies must pass through English _____. English officials tax colonial goods that aren't being shipped to England resources for England, colonies were for _______ trade, smuggling b/c of toleration acts, England has a _____ war, and people start ________ jobs Indentured servants don't come to the colonies anymore because now there are ____ in England German, Middle Dutch and _____ farmers bring farming techniques to ______ colonies gristmill Place where grain is ground up to make meal and flour grain colonists in Middle colonies have a lot of ______ in their diet women, slavery Quakers believe men and ______ are equal, have them as preachers. Quakers also protest ______ 7 what % of middle colonies population is enslaved? artisans in NYC, who do Africans assist? plantation the South was ideal for ______ crops overseers People who watch over slaves while they work Magna Carta in 1215, King John is forced to accept _____ ______ (Great Charter). Grants rights to English noblemen/freemen property, witnesses, peers One of the rules of the Magna Carta was that people cannot have ______ seized by the king or his officials. In most cases, you cannot be taxed unless the council agrees. You cannot be put on trial without ______, and can only be punished by jury of _____ Parliament England's chief lawmaking body Commons members of house of ______ are elected by the people Lords members of House of _____ are nonelected colonial England has authority over _____ governments Glorious Revolution What was it called when King James is overthrown by Parliament, and William and Mary take over the throne? Cromwell Who led the Glorious Revolution? Oliver ______ Rights William and Mary uphold the English Bill of ______ Parliament, punishment, complain The English bill of Rights says that: monarch cannot cancel laws. monarch cannot impose taxes unless _______ agrees. There are free elections, frequent meetings of Parliament. Excessive fines and cruel ________ forbidden. People can ________ to monarch without being arrested desires William and Mary establish government based on law, not ______ of ruler Massachusetts, power, Salutary Neglect After Glorious Revolution, __________ regains self government, but still have a king-appointed royal governor. Governor, his council, colonial assembly share _____. Royal governor can strike down laws, but if he does, then assembly might refuse to pay him. England has little involvement in colonial affairs- _______ ________. Governors rarely enforce certain laws, so colonists feel independent. Zenger, press John Peter ______ helps colonists move towards freedom of ____