| Term | Definition |
|---|
| What two ways have geologist used to explore the Earth's interior? | Rock Samples and Seismic Waves |
| What is most of the oceanic crust made up of? | Basalt |
| What is most of the continental crust made up of? | Granite |
| Describe what happens to temperature and pressure as you go deeper into the Earth? | Temperature rises and Pressure increases |
| What are the three main layers of the Earth? | Crust, Mantle, and Core |
| What do we call the outermost part, of the mantle? | Lithosphere |
| In Earth's middle layer, what do we call the soft rock layer that bends like plastic? | Asthenosphere |
| What materials make up most of the center(core) of the earth? | Nickel and Iron |
| List the three types of heat transfer and briefly describe each. | Convection: Heat transfer through fluid. Radiation: Heat transfer through space. Conduction: Heat transfer through solids. |
| Define density: | The amount of mass in a given space |
| Draw a convection curent and briefly explain what is occuring | Density increase - drops - heats - density decreases - rises - cools |
| Why are convection currents so important? | They cause or drive wind, weather, ocean current, plate tectonics, and contenental drifts. |
| Who came up with the Theory of Continental Drift? | Alfred Wegener |
| Name 3 pieces of evidence that supports his theory. | Similar rocks on multiple continents; Same fossils on multiple continents; Map looks like puzzle pieces |
| Why was his theory rejected? | He could not come up with the mechanism that caused it. |
| What does Sea Floor Spreading have to do with the Continental Drift? | It caused it. |
| What is sea floor spreading? | Process by which new crust forming at the mid-ocean ridge pushes the sea floor outward |
| Name the three different types of boundaries. | Convergent; Divergent; Transform |
| Which boundary causes the most earthquakes? | Transform |
| What is suduction IN YOUR OWN WORDS? | One plate that is more dense goes under another and back into another |
| Name two pieces of evidence that supports sea floor spreading. | Magnetic Strips; Rock Samples get older the further from the mid-ocean |
| Define Scientific Theory | Well tested explanation for a wide range of observations |
| Why does the book use a crack egg shell to describe the idea of plate tectonics? | the shell, like Earth's Lithosphere is full of cracks, each piece representing the plates |
| What is a rift valley? | What's left between two divergent plates |
| What boundary formed the Himalayan mountain range? | Convergent Boundary |
| What boundary formed the San Andreas Fault? | Tranform Boundary |
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