1.
acquired immunity: production of antibodies and lymphocytes after exposure to an antigen
2.
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS): group of clinical signs and symptoms associated with supression of the immune system and marked by opportunistic infections, secondary neoplasms, and neurologic problems
3.
adenoids: mass of lymphatic tissue in the nasopharynx
4.
allergen: substance capable of causing a specific hypersensitivity reaction in the body; a type of antigen
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allergy: abnormal hypersensitivity acquired by exposure to an antigen
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ana-: again, anew (prefix)
7.
anaphylaxia: exaggerated or unusual sensitivity to foreign protein or other substance
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antibody: protein produced by B cell lymphocytes to destroy antigens
9.
antigen: substance that the body recognizes as foreign; evokes an immune response. Most antigens are proteins or protein fragments found on the surface of bacteria, viruses, or organ transplant tissue cells.
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atopy: hypersensitive or allergic state involving an inherited predisposition
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axillary nodes: lymph nodes in the neck region
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B cell (B lymphocytes): lymphocyte that originates in the bone marrow and transforms int a plasma cell to secrete antibodies.
13.
CD4+ cell count: measures the number of CD4+ T cells (helper T cells) in the blood stream of patients with AIDS
14.
CD4+ cells: helper t cells that carry the CD4 protein antigen on their surface. HIV binds to CD4 and infects and kills T cells bearing this protein, AIDS patients have an inadequate number of ________
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cervical nodes: lymph nodes in the neck region
16.
complement system: proteins in the blood that help antibodies and T cells kill their target
17.
computed tomography (CT) scan: X-ray imaging produces cross-sectional and other views of anatomic structures
18.
cytokines: proteins that aid and regulate the immune response. examples are interferons and interleukins
19.
cytotoxic t cell, CD8+ cell, or T8 cell: t lymphocyte that directly kills foreign cells
20.
dendritic cell: specialized macrophage that digests foreign cells and helps B and T cells to mark antigens for destruction
21.
ELISA: screening test to detect anti-HIV antibodies in the bloodstream
22.
helper T cell, CD4+ cell, or T4 cell: lymphocyte that aids b cells and cytotoxic t cells in recognizing antigens and stimulating antibody production
23.
Hodgkins disease: malignant tumor of the lymphoid tissue in the spleen and lymph nodes; red-sternberg cell often is found on microscopic analysis
24.
human immunodeficiency virus (HIV): virus (retrovirus) that causes AIDS
25.
immun/o: protection (root)
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immunity: body's ability to resist foreign organisms and toxins. This includes natural and acquired.
27.
immunoelectrophoresis: test that separates immunoglobulins (IgM, IgG, IgE, IgA, IgD)
28.
immunoglobulins: antibodies (gamma globulins) such as IgA, IgE, IgG, IgM, and IgD that are secreted by plasma cells in response to the presence of an antigen
29.
immunotherapy: use of immune cells, antibodies, or vaccines to treat or prevent disease
30.
inguinal nodes: lymph nodes in the groin region
31.
inter-: between (prefix)
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interferons: proteins (cytokines) secreted by T cells to aid and regulate the immune response
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interleukins: proteins (cytokines) that stimulate the growth of B and T lymphocytes
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interstitial fluid: fluid in the spaces between cells. This fluid becomes lymph when it enters lymph capillaries
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kaposi sarcoma: malignant lesion associated with AIDS; arises from the lining of capillaries and appears as red, purple, brown or black skin nodules
36.
lymph: thin, watery fluid found within lymphatic vessels and collected from tissues throughout the body
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lymph capillaries: tiniest lymphatic vessels
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lymph node: a collection of stationary solid lymphatic tissue along lymph vessels
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lymph vessel: carrier of lymph throughout the body; empty lymph into veins in the upper part of the chest
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lymph/o: lymph (root)
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lymphaden/o: lymph node (gland) (root)
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lymphoid organs: lymph nodes, spleen, and thymus gland
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lymphoma: malignant tumor of lymph nodes and lymph tissue
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macrophage: large phagocyte found in lymph nodes and other tissues of the body
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mediastinal nodes: lymph nodes in the area between the lungs in the thoracic cavity
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monoclonal antibody: antibody produced in a laboratory to attack antigens and to destroy cells. it is useful in immunotherapy.
47.
multiple myeloma: malignant tumor of bone marrow cells
48.
natural immunity: protection that an individual inherits to fight infection.
49.
non-Hodgkin lymphomas: group of malignant tumors involving lymphoid tissue. examples are follicular lymphoma and large cell lymphoma
50.
opportunistic infections: infectious diseases associated with AIDS; they occur because HIV infection lowers the body's resistance and allows infection by bacteria and parasites that normally are easily contained
51.
plasma cell: lymphocyte that produces and secretes antibodies. it originates from B lymphocytes.
52.
protease inhibitor: drug that treats AIDS by blocking the production of protease, a proteolytic enzyme that helps create new viral pieces for HIV
53.
reverse transcriptase inhibitor (RTI): drug that treats AIDS by blocking reverse transcriptase, an exnzyme needed to make copies of HIV
54.
right lymphatic duct: large lymphatic vessel in the chest that receives lymph from the upper right part of the body
55.
spleen: organ near the stomach that produces, stores, and eliminates blood cells
56.
splen/o: spleen (root)
57.
suppressor T cell or Treg (regularoty T cell): lymphocyte that inhibits the activity of B and T lymphocytes
58.
T cell (T lymphocyte): lymphocyte that originates in the bone marrow but matures in the thymus gland; it acts directly on antigens to destroy them or produce chemicals (cytokines) such as interferons and interleukins that are toxic to antigens
59.
thoracic duct: large lymphatic vessel in the chest that receives lymph from below the diaphragm and from the left side of the body above the diaphragm; it empties the lymph into veins in the upper chest
60.
thym/o: thymus gland (root)
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thymoma: malignant tumor of the thymus gland
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thymus gland: organ in the mediastinum that conditions T lymphocytes to react to foreign cells and aids in the immune response
63.
tolerance: the ability of T lymphocytes to recognize nd accept the body's own antigens as "self" or friendly. Once tolerance is established, the immune system will not react against the body
64.
tonsils: mass of lymphatic tissue in the back of the oropharynx
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tox/o: poison (root)
66.
toxin: poison; a protein produced by certain bacteria, animals, or plants
67.
vaccin: weakened or killed microorganisms, toxins, or other proteins given to induce immunity to infection or disease
68.
vaccination: exposure of an individual to a foreign protein (antigen) that provokes an immune response. The response will destroy any cell that losses the antigen on its surface and will protect against infection
69.
viral load test: measurement of the amount of AIDS virus (HIV) in the bloodstream
70.
wasting syndrome: weight loss, decrease in muscular strength, appetite, and mental activity; associated with AIDS
