| Term | Definition |
|---|
| annexation | the formal joining of one political region to another |
| expenditures | government expenses |
| administration | term of office |
| Stephen F. Austin | Houston's secretary of state |
| balanced budget | a budget in which spending does not exceed revenue |
| Archives War | struggle over attempt to move government records from Austin to Houston in 1842 |
| Mier expedition | an invasion of Mexico by rebellious Texas troops in 1842; was carried out in violation of orders to fall back |
| foreign relations | official dealings with other nations |
| Angelina Eberly | leader in the Archives War |
| Anson Jones | the last president of the Republic of Texas |
| James K. Polk | U.S. president who strongly favored annexation |
| manifest destiny | the belief the U.S. was meant to spread across North America; referred to America's divine right to annex Texas |
| biennial | every two years; describes how often the Constitution of 1845 required the state legislature to meet |
| John Tyler | U.S. president who asked Congress in 1845 for a joint resolution in favor of annexing Texas |
| Texas Admission Act | bill that approved the admission of Texas to the United States |
| Winfield Scott | U.S. general who captured Mexico City; his strategy for winning the Mexican War involved landing forces at Monterrey and marching them inland to Mexico City |
| Nicholas Trist | U.S. diplomat who negotiated the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo |
| Mexican Cession | territory in northern Mexico that was ceded to the United States |
| Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo | agreement that ended the Mexican Warr |
| reservations | limited areas of land reserved for American Indians |
| Sam Houston's Indian policy | make peace with each American Indian group |
| Mirabeau Lamar's Indian policy | remove Indians from Texas; would result in wars and a soaring national debt |
| Treaties of Velasco | ended the War between Texas and Mexico; after the signing of these treaties, Mexico continued to insist that Texas was part of Mexico |
| David G. Burnet | president of Texas during the revolution |
| Texas election of 1836 | along with electing Houston as president, Texans approved a new constitution and to seek annexation by the United States |
| Father of Texas Education | titled accorded to Mirabeau Lamar for his efforts to instill an education system in Texas |
| Rusterville College | the first state-chartered college in Texas; opened in 1840 |
| Britain and France | helped to bring peace with Mexico because they believed an independent Texas would slow U.S. expansion |
| Santa Fe expedition | sent in order to explore trade routes into New Mexico; turned out to be a disaster, as the expedition members were captured by Mexican soldiers |
| France | first European country to recognize Texas |
| slavery | a difficult political issue for the Unites States in the annexation of Texas |
| Convention of 1845 | Texans faced to competing offers of annexation or recognition of the Republic by Mexico at this event |
| Democratic Party | the most popular party in Texas during the 1840s and 1850s |
| annexation resolution | made Texas agree to reduce its debts by selling public lands |
| join resolution | document created by the U.S. Congress in 1844 to approve the annexation of Texas; it only required a simple majority |
| James Pickney Henderson | the first governor of the State of Texas |
| African American population | this grew dramatically during the 1850s because many southerners were moving to Texas with their slaves. |
| Compromise of 1850 | settled Texas boundaries among other issues and was authored by Henry Clay |
| executive | under the Texas Constitution of 1845, the governor headed this branch |
| legislative | the senate and house of representatives made up this branch |
| judicial | the supreme court and district courts are part of this branch |
| Colt six-shooter | gave Texas Rangers a powerful advantage in battle against the Comanche and Kiowa |
| Nueces River | Mexico thought that this separated Mexico and Texas |
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