| Term | Definition |
|---|
| alternating pulse | regular rate--amplitude varies with weak and strong beats |
| pulsus bisferiens | 2 strong systolic peaks separated by a midsystolic dip |
| bigeminal pulse | 2 beats in rapid succession followed by a longer interval |
| bounding pulse | increased pulse pressure, contour might have quick rise and fall |
| labile pulse | pulse amplitude increases when patiend is sitting or standing |
| paradoxic pulse | pulse decreases on inspiration |
| pulsus differens | unequal pulses between left and right extremities |
| trigeminal pulse | 3 beats then a pause |
| water-hammer pulse | jerky pulse with high amplitude then sudden collapse |
| conditions--pulsus bisferiens | aortic regurgitation alone or with stenosis |
| conditions--bigeminal pulse | regularly occurring premature ventricular beats |
| conditions--bounding pulse | atherosclerosis, aortic rigidity, patent ductus arteriosus, anemia, hyperthyroidism, exercise, anxiety, fever |
| conditions--labile pulse | not a specific indicator of a problem |
| conditions--paradoxic pulse | COPD, constrictive pericarditis, pericardial effusion |
| conditions--pulsus differens | impaired circulation, usually on one side |
| conditions--trigeminal pulse | can be benign, or cardiomyopathy, severe ventricular hypertrophy, severe aortic stenosis, dysfunctional right ventricle |
| conditions--water-hammer pulse | aortic regurgitation, patent ductus arteriosus |
| 4 on pulse amplitude scale | bounding pulse |
| 3 on pulse amplitude scale | full and increased |
| 2 on pulse amplitude scale | expected |
| 1 on pulse amplitude scale | diminished, barely palpable |
| 0 on pulse amplitude scale | absent, not palpable |
| Phase 1 of Korotkoff sounds | 2 consecutive beats, indicates systolic pressure |
| Auscultatory gap in Korotkoff sounds | silence between phases 1 and 2, lasts approx 10-15 mm Hg |
| Phase 2 of Korotkoff sounds | beats reappear with a slight swishing noise |
| Phase 3 of Korotkoff sounds | beats sound crisp, slightly softer |
| Phase 4 of Korotkoff sounds | beats sound muffled, is the 1st diastolic pressure |
| Phase 5 of Korotkoff sounds | sounds disappear, indicates the 2nd diastolic pressure |
| adjusting rectal temperature | 0.7-0.9 F higher than oral |
| adjusting tympanic temperature | none needed, same as oral |
| adjusting axillary temperature | 1 F lower than oral |
| adjusting temporal scanner temperature | 1 F higher than oral |
| Main muscles of respiration | diaphragm, internal intercostals, external intercostals |
| accessory muscles of respiration | scalenes, pectoralis minor, serratus anterior, serratus posterior superior and inferior, rectus abdominus, transversis thoracis |
| accessory muscles used only in respiratory distress | sternocleidomastoid, trapezius |
| action of diaphragm | lower abdominal contents and increase intrathoracic space |
| action of internal intercostals | decrease the transverse diameter |
| action of external intercostals | increase the A-P diameter |
| location of PMI | left of the sternum, approx between the 4th and 5th ribs |
| types of latex reactions | irritant contact dermatitis, Type IV dermatitis, Type I systemic reaction |
| irritant contact dermatitis | doesn't involve immune system, dry, itching, irritated skin |
| Type IV dermatitis | delayed hypersensitivity, usually caused by chemicals used in latex products, can begins 24-48 hours after contact |
| Type I systemic reaction | true allergic reaction mediated by IgE. can cause hives, swelling, asthma, itching, GI symptoms, anaphylaxis and lung damage |
| when do you use standard precautions? | with all patients regardless of diagnosis or infection status |
| when do you use Transmission Based Precautions? | with patients who are infected with epidemiologic pathogens spread by air or droplet |
| expected percussion tone of gastric bubble | tympanic |
| expected percussion tone of healthy lungs | resonant |
| expected percussion tone of emphysemic lungs | hyperresonant |
| expected percussion tone of liver | dull |
| expected percussion tone of muscle | flat |
| afebrile | without fever; temperature 36-38 C (rectal) |
| febrile | fevered, temperature greater then 38 C (100.4F) |
| orthostatic hypotension | systolic BP decreases at least 20 mm Hg or a diastolic BP increase of at least 10 mm Hg with reflex HR increase within 3 minutes of standing |
| pulse pressure | difference between systolic and diastolic pressures; normal is 30-50 mm Hg |
| respiratory rate | normal for adults is 12-20 breaths per minute |
| light palpation | 1 cm deep |
| deep palpation | 4 cm deep |
Combine with other sets
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