Greek-Roman Terms
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46 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Doric | directly on the stylobate, without a base. they are channeled with sharp edges. the height of the substantial columns ranges from five-and-a-half to seven times the diameter of the base. |
| Ionic | elongated proportions than the doric, the height of a column being about nine times the diameter of its base. the capital has a distinctive spiral scrolled volute; the entablature has a three panel architrave, ALSO a sculpted decorated frieze, richer decorative moldings. |
| amphora | an ancient greek jar for storing oil or wine, with an egg-shaped body and two curved handles |
| krater | an ancient grek vessel for mixing wine and water, with many subtypes that each leave have a distinctive shape. CALYX a bell shaped with handles near base that resemble a flower calyx. VOLUTE a type of krater that handles shaped like scrolls |
| red-figure | a style or technique used in ancient Greek vase painting characterized by red clay colored figures on a black background. (the figures are reserved against a painted ground and details are drawn, not engraved) |
| black-figure | a style or technique of ancient Greek pottery in which black figures are painted on a red clay ground. |
| kouros | an archaic greek statue of a young man or boy |
| kore | an archaic greek statue of a woman |
| Archaic smile | the curved lips on an ancient greek statue, usually interpreted as a way of animating facial features |
| Acropolis | an "upper city"; a common feature of ancient Greek cities; an elevated site for religious observances |
| pronaos | the enclosed vestibule of a greek or roman temple, found in the front of the cella and marked by a row of columns at the entrance |
| cella | the principal interior room at the center of a greek or roman temple within which the cult statue was usually housed. also called the naos |
| opisthodomos | In its classical form, the Greek temple had a porch at the rear set against the blank back wall of the cella. |
| peristyle | a surrounding colonnade in greek architecture. a peristyle building is surrounded on the exterior by a colonnade. it's an open colonnaded courtyard, often having a pool and garden. |
| frieze | the middle element of an entablature, between the architrave and the cornice. usually decorated with sculpture, painting and moldings. also: any continuous flat band with relief sculpture painted decorations. |
| pediment | a triangular gable found over major architectural elements such as classical greek porticoes, windows, or doors. formed by an entablature and the ends of a sloping rood or a raking cornice. used for decorating about a door or window |
| metope | the carved or painted rectangular panel between the triglyphs of a doric frieze |
| gigantomachy | ... |
| amazonomachy | ... |
| centauromachy | ... |
| contrapposto | an italian term meaning "set against" used to describe the pose the results from setting parts of the body in opposition to each other around a central axis. |
| mosaic | ... |
| necropolis | ... |
| sarcophagus | a stone coffin. often rectangular and decorated with relief sculpture |
| fresco | a painting technique in which water based pigments are applied to a surface of wet plaster. the color is absorbed by the plaster, becoming a permanent part of the wall. fresco secco is created by painting on dried plaster, and the color may flake off. |
| arch | in architecture, a curved structural element that spams an open space. |
| barrel vault | tunnel vault: an elongated or continuous semicircular vault, shaped like a half-cylinder. |
| groin vault | cross vault: a vault created by the intersection of two barrel vaults of equal size which creates four side compartments of identical size and shape. |
| forum | a roman town center; sit of temples and administrative buildings and used as a market or gathering area for the citizens |
| foreshortening | the illusion created on a flat surface in which figures and objects appear to recede or project sharply into size. accomplished according to the rules of perspective. |
| veristic | ... |
| classicizing | ... |
| First Style | ... |
| Second Style | ... |
| Third Style | ... |
| Fourth Style | ... |
| Pompey | ... |
| Caesar | ... |
| Augustus | ... |
| Trajan | ... |
| Hadrian | ... |
| Constantine | ... |
| atrium | an unroofed interior courtyard or room in a roman house, sometimes having a pool or garden, sometimes surrounded by columns. also: the open courtyard of a christian church; or: or an entrance area in modern architecture. |
| plebeian | ... |
| patrician | ... |
| triumphal arch | ... |
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