Chapter 8 Vocab for Mrs.Massey
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OswaldRabbitFan on October 24, 2011
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25 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 heredity | The passing of characters from parents to offspring |
| genetics | the branch of biology that focuses on heredity |
| monohybrid cross | a cross that involves ONE pair of contrasting traits |
| true-breeding | all offspring pertains one form of a trait |
| P generation | the first two individuals that are crossed in a breeding experiment |
| F1 generation | the offspring of the P generation |
| F2 generation | the offspring of the F1 generation |
| allele | the different versions of a gene |
| dominant | the expressed form of the character |
| recessive | the trait that is not expressed when the dominant form of the character is present |
| homozygous | an individual if two alleles of a particular gene present in an individual are the same |
| heterozygous | and individual if the alleles of a particular gene present in an individual are different |
| genotype | the set of alleles that an individual has for a character |
| phenotype | the physical appearance of a character |
| law of segregation | a law that states that the two alleles for a character segregate when gametes are formed |
| law of independent assortment | a law that states that the alleles of different genes separate independently of one another during gamete formation |
| Punnett square | a diagram that predicts the outcome of a genetic cross by considering all possible combinations of gametes in the cross |
| test cross | an individual whose phenotype is dominant, but whose genotype is not known, is crossed with a homozygous recessive individual |
| probability | the likelihood that a specific event will occur |
| pedigree | a family history that shows how a trait is inherited over several generations |
| sex-linked gene | a gene with an allele located only on the X or Y chromosome |
| polygenic inheritance | when several genes influence a character |
| incomplete dominance | an individual has a phenotype that is intermediate between the two parents |
| multiple alleles | genes with three or more alleles |
| codominance | when two dominant alleles are displayed |
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