5 Written Questions

1. the moment when a ruling class is able not on to coerce a subordinate class to conform to its interests, but to exert a hegemony, or "total social authority" over subordinate classes
2. Margaret Mead's criticism of biological functionalism
   went to New Guinea and looked at the gender roles in different societies to prove that gender roles are social facts, not biological
3. an ideal notion of a man that is so dominant, people aren't even really aware of it
   -this notion has changed over time, proving that gender is not a rigid, unchanging category
4. refers to the cheapest recommended food budget
   the amount of $ one would need to spend to get the minimum amount of daily nutritious food to maintain human life
5. socialization perspective
   views social life as a theatrical performance in which we are all actors on metaphysical stages with roles, scripts, costumes, and sets
   conception of our role becomes second nature and an integral part of our personality

5 Matching Questions

1. biology is declining in significance for gender roles
2. unsettled cultures
3. relative poverty
4. absolute poverty
5. socially constructed

1. a just because biology makes certain demands in some societies, doesn't mean it makes the same demands in ours
   -formula exists now making men able to "breast feed"
   -women have less and less children now
   biological facts don't constrain gender roles as much anymore
2. b -to say that people give meaning or value to ideas or objects through social interactions
   -an ongoing process that is embedded in our everyday interactions
3. c the point at which a household's income falls below the necessary level to purchase food to physically sustain its members
4. d a measurement of poverty based on a percentage of the median income in a given location
   Defining poverty as social. The customary (average) standard of living in their society requires more spending than the income they have available. This standard changes as a society becomes more prosperous.
5. e model of cultural influence
   -cultures compete in times of uncertainty
   -ideologies created by culture change the spectrum of possible actions, which can change the culture all together

5 Multiple Choice Questions

1. -Fairy tales, TV, movies, advertising, songs wedding industry
   -Child rearing, socialization
   -Expectation of marriage
   -Heterosexuality is a political institution
   -"Dude, you're a fag."
   1. compulsory heterosexuality
   2. ideology of individualism
   3. absolute poverty
   4. gender inequality
2. a concept that is important for understanding the impact of media on culture and for examining how people and societies shape, and are shaped by, culture
   1. hegemony
   2. homology
   3. gender
   4. poverty
3. a person born with one testis and one ovary
   1. feminism
   2. hermaphrodite
   3. gender roles
   4. Arapesh society
4. a set of behavioral norms assumed to accompany one's status as a male or female
   -most roles are situational, gender is not typically situational
   -we all live up to this at some level
   -all know what they are at some level
   1. gender
   2. gender roles
   3. social role
   4. intersex
5. -Style: not only style of dress, but the activity of stylization, or the active organization of objects with activities and outlooks, which produce an organized group identity in the form and shape of a coherent and distinctive way of "being in the world"
   -4 modes of style; these modes of style are manifested through consumption and youth cultural practices
   -These new meanings were made to reflect group life, a new subcultural identity
   1. unsettled cultures
   2. 4 modes of subculture style
   3. criteria of subcultures
   4. youth and subcultures

5 True/False Questions

1. sex → biological differences that permit sexual reproduction
   -the shape of our package
   -our genes/chromosomes
   -hormones
   -male and female

   True        False

2. female psuedohermaphrodite → a person born with one testis and one ovary

   True        False

3. biological determinism → assigning gender and explain gender differences purely in terms of natural or biological attributes

   True        False

4. subcultural formation → subcultures help form this through recuperation
   1. the commodity form
   2. the ideological form
   -reveal this through style and consumption
   -Subcultures choose items to "reflect, express, and resonate... aspects of group life
   -They relocate significant objects and convey a new message that is reflective of the group identity

   True        False

5. gender inequality → a set of behavioral norms assumed to accompany one's status as a male or female
   -most roles are situational, gender is not typically situational
   -we all live up to this at some level
   -all know what they are at some level

   True        False