| Term | Definition |
|---|
| mitosis | the process of cell reproduction, 4 steps, produces 2 identical cells, |
| prophase | mitosis step 1| spindles connect to chomosomes, nuclear membrane starts to form |
| metaphase | mitosis step 2| chromatids line up on center of cell |
| anaphase | mitosis step 3| chromatids seperate and pulled to oppisite sides of cell by spindles |
| telophase | mitosis step 4| spindles disappear, there are 2 new cells, mitosis is complete |
| cytokineses | cytoplasm splits into 2 ( after mitosis) seperate cells now formed (identical) |
| interphase | time between 1 mitosis and the next., DNA is replicated,chromosomes not visible |
| chromosome | made of DNA and protien ( has 2 chromatids) (tiny thereads) copies once, divides twice |
| gene | set of instruction from parents, part of a chromosome |
| sex cell | sperm, egg , 23 chromosomes |
| sex chromosome | determines gender of offspring |
| punett square | a chart that helps predict the probability that offspring will have a certian trait |
| hybrid | offspring that has heterozygous genes (Aa instead of AA or aa) |
| purebred | offspring that has homozygous genes ( AA or aa not Aa) |
| meosis | cell division that produces sex cells, 8 steps, 4 cells made, have half genetic info per cell, copies once divides twice |
| homologous | alleles are: AA or aa ( purbred) |
| heterozygous | alleles are: Aa only (hybrid) |
| dominant | trait that shows up most (alleles: AA or Aa) |
| recessive | trait that shows up least (alleles: aa) (masked) |
| phenotype | physical appearence |
| genotype | inherited combo of alleles |
| Gregor Mendel | 17th century monk who studied heredity on peaplants |
| heredity | passing of traits from parents to offspring |
| probability | mathmatical chance of inhereting a certian trait from parents |
| number of steps in mitosis | 4 (not including cytokinesis or inerphase they are processes all their own) |
| number of steps in meosis | 6 |
| # of cells produced by mitosis | 2 |
| # of cells produced by meosis | 4 |
| trait | certian characteristic of any living thing passed on from parents |
| each box of a punnett square is what % | 25% |
| allele | pair of genes represented by two letters: capital letter= 1 dominant gene; lowercase letter= 1 recessive gene if there is 1 or more capital letters in the allele, it is dominant (AA or Aa) but to be recessive it must be both recessive (aa only) |
| DNA | material that makes up your genes |
| centromere | where sister chromatids attach |
| spindle | formed between centrioles and centromeres (fibers) |
| where is genetic material located? | nucleus, on chromosomes |
| # of chromosomes in a cell = | 46 (23 pairs) |
| asexual reproduction | 1 parent needed, organelles copy and split, single cell organisms |
| sexual reproduction | 2 parents, sex cells 23 chromosomes, body cells 46 chromosomes,sperm, egg, each parent gives half of chromosomes to offspring |
| male = | XY |
| female = | XX |
| body cells | 46 chromosomes |
Combine with other sets
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