Mizzou Cell exam 2 - metabolism
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20 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Pyruvate ~> acetyl CoA | pyruvate dehydrogenase |
| Regulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase | stimulate: Ca, ADP, pyruvate, dephosphorylation inhibit: acetyl CoA, NADH, phosphorylation |
| TCA cycle | acetyl CoA ~> NADH, FADH, GTP citrate synthase |
| Regulation of TCA | Inhibit citrate synthase: citrate Stimulate: Ca, ADP Inhibit: NADH |
| Glycolysis | glucose ~> pyruvate, NADH, ATP Hexokinase (glucokinase - liver) Phosphofructokinase |
| Regulation of phosphofructokinase | Stimulate: AMP, fructose-2,6-bisphosphate (made by PFK-2 in liver and kidney stimulated by insulin) Inhibit: ATP |
| Gluconeogenesis precursors | lactate, glycerol, alanine ~> glucose |
| Gluconeogenesis enzymes | pyruvate carboxylase fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase |
| Regulation of pyruvate carboxylase | stimulate: acetyl CoA |
| Regulation of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase | inhibit: fructose-2,6-bisphosphate (PFK-2, insulin) |
| Glycogen synthesis | glycogen synthase branching enzyme |
| Regulation of glycogen synthase | stimulate: insulin, dephosphorylation |
| Glycogenolysis | glycogen phosphorylase |
| Regulation of glycogen phosphorylase | stimulate: AMP, phosphorylation (from glucagon PKA cascade), epinephrine inhibit: insulin |
| Fatty acid synthesis | acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC): acetyl CoA ~> malonyl CoA |
| Regulation of acetyl CoA carboxylase | stimulate: dephosphorylation, insulin inhibit: AMP |
| Beta-oxidation regulation | Malonyl CoA inhibits stimulated by ACC turned off (low insulin, phosphorylation) Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT I): gets fatty acids into mitochondrial matrix |
| Ketone synthesis regulation | hormone sensitive lipase |
| Regulation of hormone sensitive lipase | stimulate: fasting, low insulin, low glucose |
| Products of ketone synthesis | acetoacetate, acetone, D-beta-hydroxybutyrate |
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