US HISTORY UNIT 2

Terms	Definitions
Thomas Jefferson	3rd President of the United States Bought the Louisiana Purchase
Louisiana Purchase	land from the Mississippi River west to the Rocky Mountains more than doubled the size of the US
James Madison	Strict constructionist, 4th president, father of the Constitution, leads nation through War of 1812
impressment	British practice of taking American sailors from American ships and forcing them into the British navy; a factor in the War of 1812.
War of 1812	Resulted from Britain's support of Indian hostilities along the frontier, interference with American trade, and impressments of American sailors into the British army (1812 - 1815), it eliminated the Federalists as a national political force.
James Monroe	5th President of the United States of America served during era of good feelings
Monroe Doctrine	(JMon) 1823, , A statement of foreign policy which proclaimed that Europe should not interfere in affairs within the United States or in the development of other countries in the Western Hemisphere. 1st example of US imperialism
Democratic-Republicanism	popular sovereignty, representatives, free/fair/open elections
Jeffersonian republicanism	Jefferson's theory of government that held that the people should control the government and that a simple government best suited the needs of the people
Henry Clay	Kentucky Senator who persuaded Congress to accept the Missouri Compromise, which admitted Maine into the Union as a free state, and Missouri as a slave state
American System	Economic program advanced by Henry Clay that included support for a national bank, high tariffs, and internal improvements; emphasized strong role for federal government in the economy.
John C. Calhoun	South Carolina Senator - advocate for state's rights, limited government, and nullification
Missouri Compromise	Allowed Missouri to enter the union as a slave state, Maine to enter the union as a free state, prohibited slavery north of latitude 36˚ 30' within the Louisiana Territory (1820)
Andrew Jackson	7th president of the US; successfully defended New Orleans from the British in 1815; expanded the power of the presidency
John Quincy Adams	son of President John Adams and secretary of state who helped purchase Florida and formulate the Monroe Doctrine and president who supported an activist government and economic nationalism; after Jackson defeated his bid for a second term in 1828, he continued to serve America as a member of Congress.
Jacksonian democracy	this term describes the spirit of the age led by Andrew Jackson. During this period, more offices became elective, voter restrictions were reduced or eliminated, and popular participation in politics increased. The Democratic Part, led by Jackson appealed to the new body of voters by stressing the belief in rotation in office, economy in government, governmental response to popular demands and decentralization of power.
Trail of Tears	The Cherokee Indians were forced to leave their lands. They traveled from North Carolina and Georgia through Tennessee, Kentucky, Illinois, Missouri, and Arkansas-more than 800 miles (1,287 km)-to the Indian Territory. More than 4,000 Cherokees died of cold, disease, and lack of food during the 116-day journey.
John Tyler	elected Vice President and became the 10th President of the United States when Harrison died 1841-1845, President responsible for annexation of Mexico after receiving mandate from Polk, opposed many parts of the Whig program for economic recovery
The Election of 1824	decided by the House of Representation. Andrew Jackson won the popular vote but the house chose John Quincy Adams to be president.
The Spoil System	practicing of giving govt jobs to friends and loyal supporters
Indian Removal Act	law passed in 1830 that forced many Native American nations to move west of the Mississippi River
Worcester v. Georgia (1832)	Cherokees go to SC to prevent state from taking its land; ruling- Georgia had no authority to force Natives off the land
Nullification Crisis	Southerners favored freedom of trade and believed in the authority of states over the federal government. Southerners declared federal protective tariffs null and void.
Second National Bank	Proposed by Madison in 1816, would issue national currency, private enterprise with 1/5 owned by government, stabilized economy, opposed by Jackson who was a strict constructionist (he was overidden by Congress); he tried to weaken the bank by creating "pet banks" and telling the states to tax the national government
Panic of 1837	When Jackson was president, many state banks received government money that had been withdrawn from the Bank of the U.S. These banks issued paper money and financed wild speculation, especially in federal lands. Jackson issued the Specie Circular to force the payment for federal lands with gold or silver. Many state banks collapsed as a result. A panic ensued (1837). Bank of the U.S. failed, cotton prices fell, businesses went bankrupt, and there was widespread unemployment and distress.
Election of 1840	This election was characterized by the mudslinging or the attack or insult on each others reputation. William Henry Harrison wins election.
Whig Party	An American political party formed in the 1830s to oppose President Andrew Jackson and the Democrats, stood for protective tariffs, national banking, and federal aid for internal improvements