3 Written Questions

1. Opioids create their analgesic and sedative effects by binding to natural opioid receptors in the brain and spinal cord. These receptors exist to respond to the body's "natural opioids" such as endorphins and enkalphines, and are responsible for pain relief and feelings of euphoria. There are at least four types of opioid receptors in the body including mu, kappa, sigma, and delta receptors. Opioid drugs differ in their actions at these receptors, resulting in each drug's unique effect on the body.
2. is a short acting sedative/hypnotic drug unrelated to other general anesthetic agents. Not sure how it works
3. Stimulates alpha-2 adrenoreceptors on sympatheic nerves in the brain and spinal cord (CNS) causing a decrease in the release of the neurotransmitter norepinephrine. Results in sedation, analgesia, and muscle relaxation

3 Multiple Choice Questions

1. Opioids create their analgesic and sedative effects by binding to natural opioid receptors in the brain and spinal cord. These receptors exist to respond to the body's "natural opioids" such as endorphins and enkalphines, and are responsible for pain relief and feelings of euphoria. There are at least four types of opioid receptors in the body including mu, kappa, sigma, and delta receptors. Opioid drugs differ in their actions at these receptors, resulting in each drug's unique effect on the body.
   1. Xylazine
   2. Morphine
   3. Propofol
   4. Ketamine
2. Functionally disrupts the CNS via selective over-stimulation or inducing a cataleptoid state, resulting in a unique state of trance-like unconsciousness termed dissociative anesthesia. Inhibits GABA, a inhibitory CNS neurotransmitter, and also may block serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine in the CNS. Stimulates the RAS center of the brain
   1. Ketamine
   2. Morphine
   3. Etorphine
   4. Xylazine
3. Opioids create their analgesic and sedative effects by binding to natural opioid receptors in the brain and spinal cord. These receptors exist to respond to the body's "natural opioids" such as endorphins and enkalphines, and are responsible for pain relief and feelings of euphoria. There are at least four types of opioid receptors in the body including mu, kappa, sigma, and delta receptors. Opioid drugs differ in their actions at these receptors, resulting in each drug's unique effect on the body.
   1. Buprenorphine
   2. Propofol
   3. Acepromazine
   4. Ketamine

3 True/False Questions

1. Acepromazine → Depresses the Reticular Activation System (RAS) of the brain thus producing sedative effect

   True        False

2. Diazepam → Stimulates alpha-2 adrenoreceptors on sympatheic nerves in the brain and spinal cord (CNS) causing a decrease in the release of the neurotransmitter norepinephrine. Results in sedation, analgesia, and muscle relaxation

   True        False

3. Butorphanol → is a short acting sedative/hypnotic drug unrelated to other general anesthetic agents. Not sure how it works

   True        False