| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Luxation | Persistent dislocation |
| Subluxation | Partial dislocation |
| Sprain | Damage to ligament |
| Function of ligament | Connects bone to bone |
| Function of tendon | Connects muscle to bone |
| Trochleaplasty | Deepen trochlear groove in femur |
| Capsular overlap | Tighten joint capsule overlying patellar |
| Clinical signs of fracture | Pain, swelling, crepitus |
| First aid treatment of fracture | ABC, Treat for shock, control bleeding, antibiotics, analgesics, minimise movement |
| 3 basic principles of fracture repair | Reduce, Align, Immobilise |
| Osteomyelitis | Infection of bone and bone marrow as a result of infection introduced during surgery or open fracture |
| Metaphysis | The wider part at the end of a long bone |
| Classification of fractures | Cause, location, external injury, direction of fracture, stability, extent of damage, displacement of fracture fragments |
| Factors affecting fracture healing | Age, quality of repair, damage to soft tissue, infection, type, bone type |
| External coaption | Casts |
| Complete fracture | Bone is totally disrupted and fragements are markedly displaced |
| Green-stick fracture | Incomplete fracture with minimal displacement. Mainly seen in young, growing animals |
| Fissure fracture | One or more fine cracks radiate through cortex of the bone, usually not displaced |
| Simple fracture | Only bone damage, one clean break, no tissue damage |
| Compound fracture | Fragements of bone penetrate internal soft tissue and break through skin |
| Comminuted fracture | More than two bone fragements break off - highly unstable |
| Pathological fracture | Bone fracture caused by weakening of bone through disease ie. neoplasia, dietary imbalance |
| Avulsion fracture | Fracture at the site of insertion of a tendon |
| Callus | Immature bone which forms around fracture site to immobilize |
| Process of fracture healing | 1. Haemorrhage occurs, haematoma forms 2. Inflammation brings osteoclasts to site which remove damaged cells, 3. fibrous tissue, cartilage and callus form to immobilize fracture, 4. Osteoclasts remove immature bone, replaced by mature bone, 5. Limb becomes weight bearing and remodelling of bone occurs |
| Closed reduction | No incision required, bones manipulated into place (simple fractures) |
| Open reduction | Surgery to piece fragements of bone back together |
Combine with other sets
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