| Term | Definition |
|---|
| transcription | RNA is produced from DNA |
| RNA | ribonucleic acid |
| 1 nucleotide strand, ribose, AU | components of RNA |
| 2 nucleotide strand, deoxyribose, AT | components of DNA |
| 3 forms of RNA | mRNA, tRNA, rRNA |
| mRNA | transmits information from the DNA; pattern for assembling AA |
| TRNA | carries AA through cytoplasm to the ribosomes |
| rRNA | combines with proteins to form ribosomes to help make proteins |
| initiation | RNA polymerase binds to DNA at the promoter region and separates the complementary strand |
| elongation | RNA is synthesized from the template and RNA polymerase moves along the DNA elongating the RNA transcript molecule; an enzyme forms the hydrogen bonds between bases of the DNA strand and the complementary bases of the RNA molecule found in the nucleus |
| termination | RNA polymerase reaches the terminator region and acts as a termination signal; then the enzyme triggers the release of the newly made RNA |
| nucleus, cytoplasm | RNA leaves the ____ to go to the ______. |
| ribosomes | protein synthesis occurs inside the.... |
| translation | protein synthesis |
| codon | sequence of three nucleotides that will code for a particular amino acid |
| mRNA | site of codon |
| anticodon | amino acids attach to the stem at one end of the cloverleaf (hairpin) and on the loop of the opposite end contains the ____ which is a triplet that is complementary to a mRNA codon |
| tRNA | delivers the correct AA to the ribosome during protein synthesis |
| 20 | known amino acids used to assemble proteins |
| codons | sequence of ____ dictates the AA sequence |
| initiation, elongation, termination | transcription and translation both have... |
| polypeptide chain | AA chain together at the end of the tRNA to create a... |
| tRNA | site of anticodon |
| directs message from DNA to determine amino acid sequence | What role does an mRNA molecule play in the flow of information for protein synthesis? |
| transcription: makes RNA from DNA; translation: assembles proteins | difference between transcription and translation? |
| sequence of bases in DNA and RNA | genetic code |
| joins RNA nucleotides to make RNA molecules | RNA polymerase |
| so there will be enough for 64 possible combinations | why does each codon have three nucleotides? |
| mRNA will have start codon, codon and anticodon pair, stop codon | major steps of protein synthesis |
| sugar, phosphate group, nitrogenous base | what makes up a nucleotide |
| nucleic acid | repeating nucleotide |
| adenine, thymine; guanine, cytosine | nitrogen base match up for DNA |
| adenine, uracil; guanine, cytosine | nitrogen base match up for RNA |
| match up nucleotides | codons and anticodons |
| ribosomes | codons and anticodons found in.... |
| Marshall Nirenberg | biochemist that cracked genetic code |
| 64 | number of possible combinations of nucleotides when three are present |
| amino acids | polypeptides are made up of |
| amino acids | building block of protein |
| sugar and phosphate group | backbone of DNA and RNA |
| 3 | number of nucleotides for a specific amino acid |
| polymerase, ligase, helicase | enzymes for DNA |
| polymerase | enzymes for RNA |
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