Chapter 16 People
Order by
44 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Henry IV | laid the foundations for French absolutism by denying the influence of the nobility and lowering taxes |
| Sully | Henry IV's financial advisor who: reduced royal debt introduced the paulette subsidized the Company for trade with the Indies started a countrywide highway system wanted organization of international peace |
| Marie de Medici | Louis XIII's mom |
| Louis XIII | a king who was manipulated by the nobility, his mom, and Richelieu |
| Richelieu | the first minister of the crown who used his influence over Louis XIII to create an absolutist state demanded subordination to the monarchy extended the uses of intendants oversaw the siege of La Rochelle weakened the Hapsburg territories created the French academy |
| Mazarin | Richelieu's successor who inadvertently started the Fronde by trying to raise money |
| Louis XIV | the "Sun King," reign was the height of absolutism considered uneducated, Catholic, enigmatic controlled the nobility by cooperating with/manipulating them expelled Huguenots built Versailles his nemesis: William of Orange |
| Colbert | brought mercantilism to France by regulating old industries and establishing new ones sent 4000 peasants to Quebec |
| Nicholas Poussin | French classical painter the Rape of the Sabine Women was noble, heroic, but not very lifelike |
| Jean-Baptiste Lully | French classical composer also composed court ballets |
| Marc-Antoine Charpentier | French classical composer who wrote Te Deums, or hymns of thanksgiving |
| Francis Couperin | French classical composer who wrote harpsichord and organ works |
| Moliere | entered the theater against his father's wishes wrote comedies on the hypocrisy of society Tartuffe, Le Bourgeois Gentilhomme, Les Femmes Savantes |
| Jean Racine | wrote tragedies that analyzed the power of love Andromaque, Berenice, Iphigenie, Phedre Mithridate and Britannicus were Louis XIV's favorites |
| Francois de Tellier | created a professional army |
| Jean Martinet | disciplined the army |
| Claude Le Peletier | came up with creative ways to make money, which included devaluating the currency, selling offices and titles, and recalling all silver objects |
| Louis Pontchartrain | imposed the capitation |
| Philip of Anjou | inherited half of Charles II's possessions, which set off the War of Spanish Succession |
| Charles II | the impotent Spanish king whose territory was divided between the HRE and the King of France |
| Eugene of Savoy | a prince who represented the HRE, allied against Louis XIV in the War of Spanish Succession |
| John Churchill | duke of Malborough, allied allied against Louis XIV in the War of Spanish Succession |
| Count-Duke of Olivares | devised new sources of revenue |
| Miguel de Cervantes | wrote Don Quixote |
| Elizabeth I | Henry VIII's daughter, Protestant manipulated Parliament into giving her what she wanted while thinking it was what they wanted |
| James I | the Scottish cousin of Elizabeth I and her successor a divine right monarch lacked the common touch-did not pander to people, lectured Parliament instead of reducing royal debt, he was extravagant w/money |
| Charles I | the son of James I and his successor a divine right monarch who attempted to rule without Parliament, effectively bringing the country into crisis eventually brought back Parliament to deal with the revolt of the Scotts when Parliament did not give him an army, it began a Civil war, and Charles was eventually executed |
| William Laud | archbishop of Canterbury tried to change church organization in Scotland -new prayer book, modeled on Anglican Book of Common Prayer -bishoprics resulted in the Scotts revolting executed by Long Parliament |
| Thomas Hobbes | wrote Leviathan, in which he declared that -if people lived in nature, they would be bad -people need a ruler, who they give their rights to so the power of a ruler is absolute, but not divine right |
| Oliver Cromwell | ex-member of Long Parliament army was devoted to him started out as a protectorate, but was really a military dictator |
| Richard Cromwell | Cromwell's son, retired from dictatorship within a year |
| Charles II | the "Merry Monarch," got along w/Parliament so that he did not go the way of his dad entered into a secret agreement w/Louis XIV -in exchange for funds, he would convert England back to Catholicism |
| James II | the duke of York Catholic and a divine right monarch gave Catholics positioned in army, govt., universities also gave everyone religious freedom fled England during the Glorious Revolution w/wife and son |
| William of Orange | dutch husband of Mary became king in the Glorious Revolution |
| Mary | Protestant daughter of James II Became queen in the Glorious Revolution |
| John Locke | Wrote Second Treatise of Civil Government -life, liberty, property |
| Sir Robert Walpole | led the cabinet from 1721-1742 enjoyed favor of monarchy and became king's first, or "prime" minister |
| George I | Hanoverian King who normally presided at cabinet meetings |
| George II | discontinued his father, George I's, practices |
| Philip III | recognized the independence of the United Provinces |
| Maurice and William Louis | sons of William the Silent stadholders in all seven provinces |
| Jan van Oldenbarneveldt | the highest official of the Calvinist province of Holland, who in accordance of the Dutch value of religious tolerance, allowed Catholics to practice their faith |
| Joost van den Vondel | the poet of Dutch imperialism |
| Anton van Leeuwenhoek | dutch, invented microscope |
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