1.
Anton van Leeuwenhoek: dutch, invented microscope
2.
Charles I: the son of James I and his successor
a divine right monarch who attempted to rule without Parliament, effectively bringing the country into crisis
eventually brought back Parliament to deal with the revolt of the Scotts
when Parliament did not give him an army, it began a Civil war, and Charles was eventually executed
3.
Charles II: the "Merry Monarch," got along w/Parliament so that he did not go the way of his dad
entered into a secret agreement w/Louis XIV
-in exchange for funds, he would convert England back to Catholicism
4.
Charles II: the impotent Spanish king whose territory was divided between the HRE and the King of France
5.
Claude Le Peletier: came up with creative ways to make money, which included devaluating the currency, selling offices and titles, and recalling all silver objects
6.
Colbert: brought mercantilism to France by regulating old industries and establishing new ones
sent 4000 peasants to Quebec
7.
Count-Duke of Olivares: devised new sources of revenue
8.
Elizabeth I: Henry VIII's daughter, Protestant
manipulated Parliament into giving her what she wanted while thinking it was what they wanted
9.
Eugene of Savoy: a prince who represented the HRE, allied against Louis XIV in the War of Spanish Succession
10.
Francis Couperin: French classical composer who wrote harpsichord and organ works
11.
Francois de Tellier: created a professional army
12.
George I: Hanoverian King who normally presided at cabinet meetings
13.
George II: discontinued his father, George I's, practices
14.
Henry IV: laid the foundations for French absolutism by denying the influence of the nobility and lowering taxes
15.
James I: the Scottish cousin of Elizabeth I and her successor
a divine right monarch
lacked the common touch-did not pander to people, lectured Parliament
instead of reducing royal debt, he was extravagant w/money
16.
James II: the duke of York
Catholic and a divine right monarch
gave Catholics positioned in army, govt., universities
also gave everyone religious freedom
fled England during the Glorious Revolution w/wife and son
17.
Jan van Oldenbarneveldt: the highest official of the Calvinist province of Holland, who in accordance of the Dutch value of religious tolerance, allowed Catholics to practice their faith
18.
Jean Martinet: disciplined the army
19.
Jean Racine: wrote tragedies that analyzed the power of love
Andromaque, Berenice, Iphigenie, Phedre
Mithridate and Britannicus were Louis XIV's favorites
20.
Jean-Baptiste Lully: French classical composer
also composed court ballets
21.
John Churchill: duke of Malborough, allied allied against Louis XIV in the War of Spanish Succession
22.
John Locke: Wrote Second Treatise of Civil Government
-life, liberty, property
23.
Joost van den Vondel: the poet of Dutch imperialism
24.
Louis Pontchartrain: imposed the capitation
25.
Louis XIII: a king who was manipulated by the nobility, his mom, and Richelieu
26.
Louis XIV: the "Sun King," reign was the height of absolutism
considered uneducated, Catholic, enigmatic
controlled the nobility by cooperating with/manipulating them
expelled Huguenots
built Versailles
his nemesis: William of Orange
27.
Marc-Antoine Charpentier: French classical composer who wrote Te Deums, or hymns of thanksgiving
28.
Marie de Medici: Louis XIII's mom
29.
Mary: Protestant daughter of James II
Became queen in the Glorious Revolution
30.
Maurice and William Louis: sons of William the Silent
stadholders in all seven provinces
31.
Mazarin: Richelieu's successor who inadvertently started the Fronde by trying to raise money
32.
Miguel de Cervantes: wrote Don Quixote
33.
Moliere: entered the theater against his father's wishes
wrote comedies on the hypocrisy of society
Tartuffe, Le Bourgeois Gentilhomme, Les Femmes Savantes
34.
Nicholas Poussin: French classical painter
the Rape of the Sabine Women was noble, heroic, but not very lifelike
35.
Oliver Cromwell: ex-member of Long Parliament
army was devoted to him
started out as a protectorate, but was really a military dictator
36.
Philip III: recognized the independence of the United Provinces
37.
Philip of Anjou: inherited half of Charles II's possessions, which set off the War of Spanish Succession
38.
Richard Cromwell: Cromwell's son, retired from dictatorship within a year
39.
Richelieu: the first minister of the crown who used his influence over Louis XIII to create an absolutist state
demanded subordination to the monarchy
extended the uses of intendants
oversaw the siege of La Rochelle
weakened the Hapsburg territories
created the French academy
40.
Sir Robert Walpole: led the cabinet from 1721-1742
enjoyed favor of monarchy and became king's first, or "prime" minister
41.
Sully: Henry IV's financial advisor who:
reduced royal debt
introduced the paulette
subsidized the Company for trade with the Indies
started a countrywide highway system
wanted organization of international peace
42.
Thomas Hobbes: wrote Leviathan, in which he declared that
-if people lived in nature, they would be bad
-people need a ruler, who they give their rights to
so the power of a ruler is absolute, but not divine right
43.
William Laud: archbishop of Canterbury
tried to change church organization in Scotland
-new prayer book, modeled on Anglican Book of Common Prayer
-bishoprics
resulted in the Scotts revolting
executed by Long Parliament
44.
William of Orange: dutch husband of Mary
became king in the Glorious Revolution
