Anti-virals/anti-fungals
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15 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 acyclovir | anti-viral; inhibits viral DNA synthesis MECH: activated by viral thymidine kinase, inhibits viral DNA polymerase Tx: DNA containing viruses (HSV-1 and 2) -doesn't prevent freq or severity *changes in viral enzymes (thymidine kinase or DNA polymerase) alter effectiveness |
| Amantadine and Rimantadine | anti-viral; MECH: blocks H+ entry into virus, stops acidity in endosome needed needed to release virus, blocks viral uncoating (blocks M2 protein) Clinical: prevents influenza A infection (RNA virus) *up to 50% treated pts become resistance to drug |
| oseltamivir | anti-viral; neuraminidase inhibitor MECH: prevents neuraminidase from cleaving hemagglutinin and sialic acid receptor (cell surface) Clinical: prevents influenza A and B *resistance emerging (tamiflu, PO) |
| zanamivir | anti-viral; neuraminidase inhibitor MECH: prevents neuraminidase from cleaving hemagglutinin and sialic acid receptor (cell surface) Clinical: prevents influenza A and B *resistance NOT evident (relenza, inhaled) |
| enfuvirtide | anti-HIV; fusion/entry inhibitor |
| atazanavir | anti-HIV; protease inhibitor Mech: prevents polypeptide from getting cleaved -> non-infectious viral particles |
| raltegravir | anti-HIV; integrase inhibitor Mech: prevents insertion of HIV genome into host genome |
| etravirine | reverse transcriptase inhibitors; NNRTIs Mech: bind RT and block conversion of RNA to DNA *just single pt mutation can lead to resistance *similar to delavirdine |
| delavirdine | reverse transcriptase inhibitors; NNRTIs Mech: bind RT and block conversion of RNA to DNA *just single pt mutation can lead to resistance *similar to etravirine |
| abacivir | reverse transcriptase inhibitor; NRTI Mech: acts as substrate for RT, becomes encorporated in viral DNA -> causes termination |
| Is reverse transcriptase error prone? | yes, this is why it is so nasty |
| amphotericin B | antifungal; concentration dependent Mech: binds ergosterol in fungal membrane and creates pores *broadest spectrum antifungal adverse effects: 1.)infusion related: fever chills, muscle spasms, etc 2.) cumulative toxicity: renal impairment, potentially die to nephrotoxicity |
| flucytosine | antifungal; inhibits DNA synthesis Mech: enters cell by cytosine permease, converted to antimetabolite clinical: not given alone (fast resistance), oral only, synergy when administered with amphotericin B ADR: if converts to fluorouracil -> bone marrow toxicity, anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia |
| ketoconazole | azole; imidazole; usually given topically |
| fluconazole | azole; triazoles; given systemically, high bioavailability *good BBB permeabilitity *one of most common used |
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