| Term | Definition |
| navigable | when water is deep enough for ships to navigate |
| humanism | a concern with human interests and values |
| Anglican Church | English church started by King Henry VIII |
| fief | the land given to a vassal by a lord |
| saint | a person thought to be holy |
| chivalry | code of conduct for knights |
| deforestation | the process of clearing a forest |
| Gothic | a style of archiitecture using pointed arches |
| Magna Carta | an Engllish charter giving legal rights to all Englishmen |
| vassal | a noble who served a powerful lord |
| Protestant | a branch of Christianity formed during the Reformation |
| fjord | a narrow inlet between cliffs |
| plague | a terrible disease that spreads quickly |
| Reformation | a movement to reform the Catholic Church |
| indulgence | a pardon for sins sold by the Catholic Church |
| serf | a person who lived and worked on a manor/fief |
| cathedral | a large Catholic church used by a bishop |
| nun | a woman who devotes herself to serving God in a convent |
| manor | an estate owned by a noble as a home |
| feudalism | system of government based on land and service |
| patron | a supporter of the arts |
| monastery | religious community of monks |
| Crusades | a series of "Holy Wars" between Christians and Muslims |
| perspective | technique in art for showing three dimensions on flat surface |