Plants (SAT II Review)
About this set
Created by:
oxoceaneyes on October 26, 2011
Subjects:
Log in to favorite or report as inappropriate.
Order by
50 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Gymnosperm | Tracheophytes that have seeds and cones, but no flowers |
| Angiosperm | Tracheophytes that have seeds and flowers, but no cones |
| Monocot | Type of angiosperm with parallel veins, vascular bundles, fibrous roots, leaves in threes |
| Dicot | Type of angiosperm with networked leaf veins, vascular rings, tap roots, leaves in fives |
| Example of monocot | Three leaf clover |
| Example of dicot | Maple leaf and rose |
| Non-Tracheophytes | Plants without vascular tissue |
| Vascular | Refers to blood vessels, but transport vessels in the case of plants |
| Example of non-tracheophyte | Moss |
| Xylem | Type of vascular tissue in plants that carries water and minerals up from roots; made of vessel elements and tracheids |
| Phloem | Type of vascular tissue in plants that carries nutrients from leaves and any other photosynthesizing cell downwards; composed of companion cells and sieve-2 members |
| Tracheophytes | Plants with vascular tissue |
| Sclerenchyma | Elongated dead cells used for support |
| Collenchyma | Living elongated cells used for support; generally used in young plants or in the growing parts of plants |
| Parenchyma | Everything else; tissue that's performing metabolic functions in the plant |
| Cortex | Specialized type of parenchyma cell between vascular tissue and outside of a stem |
| Pith | Specialized type of parenchyma cell at the center of the stem |
| Epidermal cells | Top and bottom layer of cells on a leaf; secretes a waxy cuticle onto the surface of the leaf; makes the leaf waterproof |
| Stomata | Pores on the bottom of a leaf that help plants undergo gas exchange (water vapor and oxygen leave, CO2 comes in) |
| Primary growth | Vertical growth (lengthening of a plant) |
| Secondary growth | Horizontal growth |
| Meristem | Any region of the plant where this rapid cell division is happening |
| Apical meristem | Tissue where primary growth is occurring |
| Vascular cambium | Type of meristematic tissue located between xylem and phloem that makes xylem and phloem |
| Cork cambium | Tissue located towards the outside of a tree trunk; makes bark |
| Auxin | Hormone in plants responsible for promoting general growth and plant behaviors |
| Plant behaviors | Tropisms |
| Cytokinin | Hormone in plants responsible for tissue differentiation and breaking seed dormancy (wakes a seed up when the conditions are right for it to begin germination) |
| Gibberellins | Hormone in plants that promotes rapid growth in the early life of a plant; also promotes the growth involved in germination |
| Abscisic acid | Hormone in plants that promotes dormancy (EX: causes the leaves to fall off in the winter) |
| Ethylene gas | Hormone in plants responsible for fruit ripening (fruit releases this gas and it causes the fruit to ripen) |
| Phototropism | A plant growing towards a light source; auxin causes cells on the dark side of the plant to elongate towards the light |
| Gravitropism | Describes plants growing either with or against gravity |
| Positive gravitropism | Growing with gravity (downwards) |
| Negative gravitropism | Growing opposite gravity (upwards) |
| Example of positive gravitropism | Vines |
| Thigmotropism | Plants growing towards touch (EX: a vine wrapping around a tree; must be constantly in contact with it) |
| Photoperiodism | Describes in what conditions plants will flower |
| Long day plants | Only flowers in 12+ hours of sunlight |
| Short day plants | Only flower in less than 12 hours of sunlight |
| Day-neutral plants | Flower all the time |
| First phase of life cycle | Begin with diploid sporophyte |
| Second phase of life cycle | Diploid sporophyte produces haploid spores by meiosis |
| Third phase of life cycle | Spore develops by mitosis into a multicellular organism called the gametophyte |
| Fourth phase of life cycle | Gametophyte produces many haploid gametes (male and female, sperm and ovum respectively) by mitosis |
| Fifth phase of life cycle | Haploid gametes fuse in the process of fertilization to form the diploid zygote |
| Sixth phase of life cycle | Zygote forms by mitosis into a new diploid sporophyte |
| Sporophyte dominant | Condition of most plants; sporophyte is much bigger and longer lasting than the gametophyte (spends more time being a sporophyte than a gametophyte) |
| Gametophyte dominant example | Non-tracheophytes |
| Sporophyte dominant example | Tracheophytes |
First Time Here?
Welcome to Quizlet, a fun, free place to study. Try these flashcards, find others to study, or make your own.