Language of Medicine Chapter 18- Keywords
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Created by:
so_sew on October 26, 2011
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Description:
Chabner's Language of Medicine, 9th edition. Keywords for Chapter 18, the endocrine system.
Classes:
HS 145 using Chabner's Language of Medicine, Bombshells
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55 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 adrenal cortex | outer section of each adrenal gland; secretes cortisol, aldosterone, and sex hormones |
| adrenal medulla | Inner section of each adrenal gland; secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine |
| ovaries | Located in the lower abdomen of a female; responsible for egg production and estrogen and progesterone secretion. |
| pancreas | Located behind the stomach. Islet (alpha and beta) cells (islets of Langerhans) secrete hormones from this gland. This gland also contains cells that are exocrine in function. They secrete enzymes, via a duct into the small intestine to aid digestion. |
| parathyroid glands | four small glands on the posterior of the thyroid gland. Some patients may have 3 or 5 of them. |
| pituitary gland (hypophysis) | Located at the base of the brain in the sella turcica; composed of an anterior lobe (adenohypophysis) and a posterior lobe (neurohypophysis). It weighs only 1/16 of an ounce and is a 1/2 inch across. |
| testes | Two glands enclosed in the scrotal sac of a male; responsible for sperm production and testosterone secretion. |
| thyroid gland | located in the neck on either side of the trachea; secretes thyroxine |
| adrenaline (epinephrine) | Secreted by the adrenal medulla; increases heart rate and blood pressure. |
| adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACtH) | Secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland (adenohypophysis); also called adrenocorticotropin. ACTH stimulates the adrenal cortex. |
| aldosterone | Secreted by the adrenal cortex; increases salt (sodium) reabsorption. |
| androgen | Male hormone secreted by the testes and to a lesser extent by the adrenal cortex; testosterone is an example. |
| antidiuretic hormone (ADH) | secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland (neurohypophysis),It (vasopressin) increases reabsorbtion of water by the kidney |
| calcitonin | Secreted by the thyroid; decreases blood calcium levels |
| cortisol | Secreted by the adrenal cortex; increases blood sugar. It is secreted in times of stress and has an anti-inflammatory effect. |
| epinephrine (adrenaline) | Secreted by the adrenal medulla; increases heart rate and blood pressure and dilates airways (sympathomimetic). It is part of the body's "fight or flight" reaction. |
| estradiol | estrogen (female hormone) secreted by the ovaries |
| estrogen | Female hormone secreted by the ovaries and to a lesser extent by the adrenal cortex. Examples are estradiol and estrone. |
| follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) | Secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland (adenohypophysis). Stimulates hormone secretion and egg production by the ovaries and sperm production by the testes. |
| glucagon | secreted by alpha islet cells of the pancreas; increases blood sugar by conversion of glycogen (starch) to glucose |
| growth hormone (GH);somatotropin | Secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland (adenohypophysis); stimulates growth of bones and soft tissues. |
| insulin | Secreted by the beta islet cells of the pancreas. This hormone helps (glucose (sugar) to pass into cells, and it promotes the conversion of glucose to glycogen. |
| luteinizing hormone (LH) | Secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland (adenohypophysis); stimulates ovulation in females and testosterone secretion in males. |
| norepinephrine | Secreted by the adrenal medulla; increases heart rate and blood pressure (sympathomimetic). |
| oxytocin (OT) | Secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland (neurohypophysis); stimulates contraction of the uterus during labor and childbirth. |
| parathormone (PTH) | secreted by the parathyroid glands; increases blood calcium |
| progesterone | secreted by the ovaries; prepares the uterus for pregnancy |
| prolactin (PRL) | Secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland (adenohyphysis); promotes milk secretion |
| somatotropin (STH) | Secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland (adenohypophysis); growth hormone. |
| testosterone | male hormone secreted by the testes |
| thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH);thyrotropin | Secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland (adenohypophysis). This hormone acts on the thyroid gland to promote its functioning. Note:It is not secreted by the thyroid gland. |
| thyroxine (T4) | Secreted by the thyroid gland; also called tetraiodothyronine.T4 increases metabolism in cells. |
| triiodothyronine (T3) | Secreted by the thyroid gland;T3 increases metabolism in cells. |
| Vasopressin | secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland (neurohypophysis); antidiuretic hormone (ADH) |
| catecholamines | Hormones derived from an amino acid and secreted by the adrenal medulla. Epinephrine is an example. |
| corticosteroids | Hormones (steroids) produced by the adrenal cortex. Examples are cortisol (raises sugar levels), aldosterone (raises salt reabsorption by kidneys), and androgens and estrogens (sex hormones). |
| electrolyte | mineral salt found in the blood and tissues and necessary for proper functioning of cells; potassium, sodium, and calcium are examples |
| glucocorticoid | steroid hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex; regulates glucose, fat, and protein metabolism. Cortisol raises blood sugar and is part of the stress response |
| homeostasis | tendency of an organism to maintain a constant internal environment |
| hormone | substance, secreted by an endocrine gland, that travels through the blood to a distant organ or gland where it influences the structure or function of that organ or gland |
| hypothalamus | Region of the brain lying below the thalamus and above the pituitary gland. It secretes releasing factors and hormones that affect the pituitary gland. |
| mineralocorticoid | steroid hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex to regulate mineral salts (electrolytes) and water balance in the body. Aldosterone is an example. |
| receptor | Cellular or nuclear protein that binds to a hormone so that a response can be elicited |
| sella turcica | Cavity in the skull that contains the pituitary gland |
| sex hormones | Steroids (androgens and estrogens) produced by the adrenal cortex to influence male and female sexual characteristics. |
| steroid | complex substance related to fats and of which many hormones are made. Examples are estrogens, androgens, glucocorticoids, and mineralocorticoids. |
| sympathomimetic | Pertaining to mimicking or copying the effect of the sympathetic nervous system; adrenaline and norepinephrine are examples |
| target tissue | cells of an organ that are affected or stimulated by specific hormones |
| Glands | Are located in many regions of the body to release into the bloodstream specific chemical messengers called hormones. |
| Endocrine gland | Secretes hormones directly into the bloodstream. |
| Exocrine gland | Sends chemical substances (tears, sweat, milk, saliva) via ducts to the outside of the body. |
| pineal gland | located centrally in the brain; secretes melatonin |
| melatonin | Supports the body's "biological clock" and is thought to induce sleep |
| thymus gland | located behind the sternum; produces thymosin |
| thymosin | A hormone that is important in the development of immune responses in newborns. |
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